马铃薯覆膜方式对土壤氮磷钾养分与产量的影响

发布时间：2018-05-19 16:40

本文选题：旱地马铃薯 + 覆膜方式　；参考：《中国土壤与肥料》2017年02期

【摘要】：针对宁夏南部山区马铃薯覆膜种植的特殊环境,通过田间试验研究了不同覆膜方式下土壤氮磷钾养分及马铃薯产量变化特征。结果表明,与露地种植相比较,随着马铃薯生育期的延长,全膜覆盖种植表层(0~20 cm)土壤有机质和有效磷具有累积现象,半膜种植表层(0~20 cm)土壤全氮和碱解氮含量较高,但对下层(20~60 cm)土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和有效磷含量影响较小,无论是马铃薯全膜种植还是半膜种植均对土壤速效钾含量影响较小,甚至略有降低,其中半膜种植降低最为显著,降幅达47.3 mg/kg。与露地相比较,覆膜种植可显著增加马铃薯产量,其中马铃薯全膜种植单位面积产量最高,达50 609 kg/hm~2,而马铃薯半膜种植由于受后期降雨的影响,烂薯较多,对产量造成较大影响。因此,马铃薯在生长后期降雨充沛的情况下可考虑揭膜管理措施。
[Abstract]:According to the special environment of potato film mulching planting in southern mountainous area of Ningxia, the characteristics of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients and potato yield were studied by field experiment under different film mulching methods. The results showed that the accumulation of soil organic matter and available phosphorus was observed with the extension of potato growing period, and the content of total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen was higher than that of semi-film cultivation. But it had little effect on soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus content, no matter potato whole film planting or half film planting had little effect on soil available potassium content, even decreased slightly. Among them, the decrease of semi-film planting was the most significant, by 47.3 mg / kg. Compared with the open field, film mulching could significantly increase the yield of potato, in which the yield per unit area of total film cultivation of potato was the highest, reaching 50 609 kg / hm ~ (-2), while the semi-film planting of potato was affected by the late rainfall, and there were more rotten potatoes. It has a great influence on the yield. Therefore, under the condition of abundant rainfall in late growing period, the management measures of uncovering film can be considered.
【作者单位】：宁夏农林科学院资源与环境研究所;灵武市回民中学;
【基金】：宁夏自然科学基金项目(NZ13107) 宁夏农林科学院科技创新先导资金项目(NKYZ-16-0902);宁夏农林科学院科技创新先导资金项目(农机农艺融合的马铃薯宽幅间套作生态复合种植模式研究) 中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划项目
【分类号】：S158;S532

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