塑料大棚设施菜地土壤次生盐渍化特征

发布时间：2018-05-21 10:35

本文选题：塑料大棚 + 设施蔬菜生产　；参考：《中国土壤与肥料》2017年05期

【摘要】：以上海郊区规模化设施蔬菜园艺场为研究对象,监测了不同种植年限和不同种植模式的塑料大棚设施菜地土壤的主要理化性状,筛选了设施菜地土壤次生盐渍化特征指标,分析了不同深度土壤特征指标的变化规律。结果表明,与露天菜地相比,设施菜地土壤酸化、盐渍化、养分累积明显,田间最大持水量和土壤呼吸速率降低;各类种植年限和种植模式的设施菜地表层土壤(0~20 cm)可溶性盐分、硝态氮和全磷含量分别达到4.18 g·kg~(-1)、121.8 mg·kg~(-1)和1.38 g·kg~(-1),分别为对应露天菜地的2.9倍、1.7倍和1.6倍。综合考虑设施菜地和露天菜地土壤主要理化性状的显著性以及设施菜地土壤对作物的障碍影响和对环境的污染风险,选择p H值、可溶性盐分、硝态氮和全磷作为设施菜地土壤次生盐渍化特征指标,并采用土壤相对质量评价法进行评价。设施菜地土壤p H值随着深度的增加而升高,可溶性盐分、硝态氮和全磷则随着深度的增加而递减,其中硝态氮相对质量指数达到3.06;随着设施菜地种植年限的增加,土壤p H值逐步降低,硝态氮、全磷和可溶性盐分逐步累积,其中4~6年棚龄的p H值和可溶性盐分相对质量指数最高,7~9年棚龄的硝态氮相对质量指数最高,10年以上棚龄的全磷相对质量指数最高,茄果连作模式的可溶性盐分和硝态氮相对质量指数最高,叶菜连作模式的全磷相对质量指数最高。
[Abstract]:The main physical and chemical properties of plastic greenhouse vegetable fields with different planting years and different planting patterns were monitored, and the secondary salinization characteristics of protected vegetable fields were selected. The variation law of soil characteristic index in different depth was analyzed. The results showed that the soil acidification, salinization, nutrient accumulation, maximum water holding capacity and soil respiration rate were significantly decreased in the facility vegetable field compared with the open vegetable field. The contents of nitrate nitrogen and total phosphorus in the topsoil of vegetable field were 4.18 g / kg ~ (-1) mg / kg ~ (-1) and 1.38 g / kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) ~ (-1) respectively, which were 2.9 times, 1.7 times and 1.6 times as much as those in the open field, respectively. Considering the significance of the main physical and chemical properties of the soil in greenhouse vegetable field and open vegetable field as well as the effects of soil barrier on crops and environmental pollution risk, pH value and soluble salt content were selected. Nitrate nitrogen and total phosphorus were used as characteristic indexes of secondary salinization in greenhouse vegetable soil and evaluated by the method of soil relative quality evaluation. The pH value of greenhouse vegetable soil increased with the increase of depth, while the soluble salt, nitrate nitrogen and total phosphorus decreased with the increase of depth, and the relative mass index of nitrate nitrogen reached 3.06. Soil pH value decreased gradually, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and soluble salt gradually accumulated. The pH value and the relative mass index of soluble salt were the highest in 4 ~ 6 years of greenhouse, and the highest in 7 ~ 9 years of greenhouse, and the highest in total phosphorus of 10 years old. The relative mass index of soluble salt and nitrate nitrogen was the highest in the continuous cropping model of eggplant and fruit, and the highest in the continuous cropping pattern of leafy vegetables.
【作者单位】：上海市环境科学研究院;
【基金】：公益性行业(环保)科研专项(201109018) 上海市环境保护局重大科研项目(沪环科2011-51)
【分类号】：S156.41;S626

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