东北黑土农田跳虫对植物叶片还田的响应

发布时间：2018-05-24 02:43

本文选题：土壤动物 + 生物多样性　；参考：《生态学杂志》2017年01期

【摘要】：杂草管理是农田生产活动的重要内容,影响农田生物多样性的维持。土壤动物为农田生物多样性重要组成部分,其对不同类型叶片还田的响应值得关注。本研究在中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所内的实验田中开展,利用放置凋落物袋的方式,研究2种杂草(旱稗、苋菜)叶片和2种玉米叶片(新鲜叶片及老熟叶片)的分解对土壤跳虫群落的影响,旨在为农田杂草管理提供科学依据。共获得6269只跳虫,隶属于5科9属11种,优势种为Thalassaphorura encarpata、Heteroisotoma sp.1和Folsomia sp.1。叶片添加增加了跳虫优势种的绝对数量,改变了跳虫群落结构,其中玉米新鲜叶片对跳虫群落结构影响最为显著(P0.01),但对类群丰富度无影响,对多样性指数影响较小。与玉米老熟叶片相比,新鲜叶片对跳虫有更高的吸引作用,并持续时间更长。苋菜叶片分解速率最快,其次是玉米新鲜叶片,旱稗叶片和玉米老熟叶片分解较慢。表明叶片的基质质量对分解速率有重要影响。叶片添加增加了跳虫数量,但不同的叶片种类和分解时期对跳虫影响不同。叶片分解速率与跳虫数量没有显著的相关性,这可能与跳虫食性有关。
[Abstract]:Weed management is an important part of farmland production, which affects the maintenance of farmland biodiversity. Soil fauna is an important part of farmland biodiversity, and its response to different types of leaves is worthy of attention. This study was carried out in an experimental field in the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Two kinds of weeds (paspalum) were studied by using litter bags. The effects of the decomposition of amaranth leaves and two maize leaves (fresh leaves and mature leaves) on the soil treponade community were studied in order to provide scientific basis for the management of weeds in farmland. A total of 6269 individuals belonging to 9 genera and 11 species belonging to 5 families were obtained. The dominant species were Thalassaphorura encarpata Heteroisotoma sp.1 and Folsomia sp. 1. Leaf addition increased the absolute number of dominant species and changed the structure of the community. The fresh leaves of maize had the most significant effect on the community structure, but had no effect on the richness of the species, but had little effect on the diversity index. Compared with the mature leaves of maize, fresh leaves have higher attraction and longer duration. The decomposition rate of amaranth leaves was the fastest, followed by fresh corn leaves, dry paspalum leaves and maize mature leaves decomposing slowly. The results showed that the substrate quality of leaves had an important effect on the decomposition rate. The addition of leaves increased the number of jumper, but different leaf species and decomposing period had different effects on it. There was no significant correlation between leaf decomposition rate and the number of jumper, which may be related to the diet.
【作者单位】：吉林大学地球科学学院;中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所;商丘师范学院环境与规划学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41430857和41501263)资助
【分类号】：S154

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