液体腐熟剂变量喷施装置的设计与研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 08:00

本文选题：秸秆还田 + 液体腐熟剂　；参考：《湖北工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：秸秆还田时对秸秆进行均匀的喷施液体秸秆腐熟剂,利用秸秆腐熟剂中的菌种对秸秆的腐解能力,加快秸秆的腐解速度和腐解程度,大幅度减少了农田休整期所需要的时间,缩短了农田作业时中间的空闲期,提高了农田种植利用率和秸秆还田利用率。液体腐熟剂和清水混合储存在液体腐熟剂变量喷施装置的料箱中,液体腐熟剂变量喷施装置需要进行均匀的喷施,并且需要控制喷施流量以配合各种拖拉机工作速度和秸秆还田机械工作速度。本文对液体腐熟剂进行了密度和粘度等的测试分析,对液体腐熟剂变量喷施装置的整机进行了理论计算和设计,使用仿真分析对影响液体腐熟剂变量喷施装置喷施的变量因素进行了模拟计算。主要工作如下:首先,比较了国内外秸杆还田研究现状,测定了液体腐熟剂的液体性质参数,设计一种新型的液体腐熟剂变量喷施装置,对变量喷施方式进行了分析,对主要装置与系统,即喷施系统、料箱和挂架的主要设计参数进行分析计算。然后,借助商业软件GAMBIT和FLUENT分别对液体腐熟剂变量喷施装置中喷施系统的喷头喷施内部区域进行了建模和仿真,对影响喷头喷施效果的因素进行了分析,得出了喷施流量和喷施高度对喷头喷施的影响规律,并得出了液体腐熟剂变量喷施装置的喷头安装间距范围。最后,取液体腐熟剂变量喷施装置的喷施流量、喷施高度、喷头间距为三个因素,取变异系数为参考指标,分别取三个水平建立了三因素三水平正交试验。利用统计学软件Minitab对正交试验和方差试验数据进行分析,得出最佳参数设置,用于指导液体腐熟剂变量喷施装置的喷施流量、喷施高度、喷施间距参数的设置。在研制的液体腐熟剂变量喷施装置上进行了现场试验,得到的试验实测数据与仿真分析基本一致,表明仿真的结果是可靠的。经过湖北省农业机械鉴定站的鉴定检验,检验结果表明本液体腐熟剂变量喷施装置满足预期的设计要求。综上所述,设计出的液体腐熟剂变量喷施装置,能够结合农田的复杂环境进行液体腐熟剂的变量喷施和均匀喷施,实现了秸秆高效还田,对液体腐熟剂的施用乃至秸秆还田技术发展起一定推动性作用。
[Abstract]:When straw was returned to the field, the straw was evenly sprayed with liquid straw rot agent, and the ability of decomposing straw was improved by using the bacteria of straw rot agent, and the decomposition speed and degree of straw decomposition were accelerated, which greatly reduced the time needed for the rest period of farmland, and the results showed that: (1) when the straw was returned to the field, the time needed to decompose the straw was greatly reduced. It shortens the idle period in the middle of farmland operation and improves the utilization ratio of cropland planting and straw returning to the field. The mixture of liquid rotting agent and water is stored in the container of the liquid rotting agent variable spraying device. The liquid rotting agent variable spraying device needs to be uniformly sprayed. And it is necessary to control the spraying flow rate to cooperate with the working speed of various tractors and straw returning machinery. In this paper, the density and viscosity of the liquid rotting agent are tested and analyzed, and the theoretical calculation and design of the whole machine for the variable spraying device of the liquid rotting agent are carried out. The simulation analysis was used to simulate and calculate the variable factors which affected the spraying of the liquid rotting agent variable spraying device. The main work is as follows: firstly, the research status of straw returning to the field at home and abroad is compared, the liquid property parameters of liquid rotting agent are measured, a new type of variable spraying device of liquid rotting agent is designed, and the method of variable spraying is analyzed. The main design parameters of the main equipment and system, that is, the spraying system, the material box and the hanging frame are analyzed and calculated. Then, with the help of commercial software GAMBIT and FLUENT, the internal region of spray head in the spray system of liquid rotting agent variable spraying device is modeled and simulated, and the factors influencing the spraying effect of spray head are analyzed. The effect of spray flow rate and spraying height on spray head was obtained, and the range of installation distance of spray head was obtained. Finally, the three factors of spraying flow rate, spraying height, spray head spacing and coefficient of variation were taken as the reference index, and three factors and three levels of orthogonal experiments were established respectively. The data of orthogonal test and variance test were analyzed by statistical software Minitab, and the best parameter setting was obtained, which can be used to guide the setting of spraying flow rate, spraying height and spraying distance parameter of the variable spraying device of liquid rot agent. The field test was carried out on the variable spraying device of liquid rotting agent, and the measured data were in good agreement with the simulation analysis, which indicated that the simulation results were reliable. The test results of Hubei Agricultural Machinery Appraisal Station show that the variable spraying device of liquid rancid agent can meet the expected design requirements. To sum up, the designed variable spraying device of liquid rotting agent can be combined with the complex environment of farmland to carry out variable spraying and uniform spraying of liquid rotting agent, thus realizing the efficient return of straw to the field. It plays an important role in the application of liquid rotting agent and the development of straw returning technology.
【学位授予单位】：湖北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S224.2

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