兴县土壤侵蚀及景观格局研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 09:34

本文选题：土壤侵蚀 + 景观格局　；参考：《山西农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究使用2005年和2010年的兴县及周边的离石、河曲、榆林、五寨、绥德等6个气象站点的逐日降雨数据、2005年和2010年每隔16天的NDVI数据、DEM等数据,采用通用水土流失方程计算兴县2005年和2010年的土壤侵蚀和土壤保持,模拟在2005年降雨量的条件下,兴县2010年的土壤侵蚀和土壤保持状况。通过FRAGSTATS软件对土壤侵蚀分级图进行景观分析,分析不同侵蚀强度下斑块在空间上的聚散程度以及斑块形状变化等。分析结果如下：(1)2005年兴县整体属于中度侵蚀,2010年为强度侵蚀。情景模拟的土壤侵蚀轻度小于2005年的土壤侵蚀。(2)模拟发现,降雨是影响土壤保持和土壤侵蚀的重要因子。对比2005年和情景模拟的土壤侵蚀,发现实际侵蚀的增加是由于降雨侵蚀力增加导致。对比2010年和情景模拟的土壤保持,发现在相同的条件下,降雨的增加可以使土壤保量持增加。(3)2005、2010年和情景模拟的兴县土壤侵蚀强度的空间分布特征相同,剧烈侵蚀集中分布在东部恶虎滩乡、交楼申乡、东会乡等地区,尽管这些乡镇植被覆盖度较高,但坡度-坡长因子较大,导致严重的土壤侵蚀。(4)微度侵蚀和轻度侵蚀随着高度的增加侵蚀面积呈减少趋势,中度侵蚀、强度侵蚀和极强度侵蚀面积先增加后减少,剧烈侵蚀随着高度的增加而增加。不同侵蚀类型在不同坡度上的分布不同。兴县的土壤侵蚀主要集中在耕地、林地和草地上,居住地、水域和未利用地的侵蚀面积很少,侵蚀也以微度侵蚀为主。本文的研究结果可以为兴县土壤侵蚀治理提供思路与提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:In this study, the daily rainfall data of six meteorological stations, such as Lieshi, Hequ, Yulin, Wuzhai and Suide, were used in 2005 and 2010, and NDVI data were collected every 16 days in 2005 and 2010. The soil erosion and soil conservation in Xingxian County in 2005 and 2010 were calculated by using the general soil erosion equation, and the soil erosion and soil conservation in Xingxian County in 2010 were simulated under the condition of rainfall in 2005. The landscape analysis of soil erosion gradation map was carried out by FRAGSTATS software, and the spatial accumulation degree and patch shape change of patches with different erosion intensity were analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) in 2005, Xingxian County was moderately eroded, and in 2010 it was intensity erosion. It was found that rainfall is an important factor affecting soil conservation and soil erosion. Compared with the simulated soil erosion in 2005 and scenario, it is found that the increase of actual erosion is due to the increase of rainfall erosivity. Compared with the soil conservation simulated in 2010 and scenario, it was found that under the same conditions, the increase of rainfall could increase the soil retention. The spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion intensity in 2010 were the same as those in Xingxian County in 2010. The intense erosion is concentrated in the eastern regions such as Hau Hu Tan Township, Jiao Lou Shen Xiang, Donghui Township and so on. Although the vegetation coverage of these villages and towns is relatively high, the slope-slope length factor is larger, As a result of severe soil erosion, micro-erosion and slight erosion showed a decreasing trend with the increase of height, moderate erosion, intensity erosion and extreme intensity erosion area increased first and then decreased, and severe erosion increased with the height increase. The distribution of different erosion types on different slopes is different. Soil erosion in Xingxian County is mainly concentrated on cultivated land, woodland and grassland, and the erosion area of water area and unused land is very small, and the erosion is also dominated by micro-erosion. The results of this paper can provide ideas and theoretical basis for soil erosion control in Xingxian County.
【学位授予单位】：山西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P901;S157

【参考文献】