不同开垦年限土壤养分和盐分时空分布特征研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 10:54

本文选题：开垦年限 + 土壤养分　；参考：《干旱地区农业研究》2016年03期

【摘要】：为了研究干旱区绿洲农业不同开垦年限耕地土壤养分的时间和空间变化规律,选取玛纳斯流域内5个开垦年限(荒地、2 a、4 a、6 a、8 a)的土地,结合地统计学、3S技术,利用空间置换时间的方法对研究区土壤养分和盐分的时空分布特征进行分析研究。结果表明:研究区耕地随着开垦年限的增加,各层土壤的总盐、有效钾含量呈现明显下降的趋势。总盐含量由开垦前11.9~25.2 g·kg~(-1)下降至开垦8 a后的1.7~3.0 g·kg~(-1),尤其是表层土壤总盐的含量在开垦种植6~8 a后基本维持在非盐化-轻盐化水平;而土壤有效钾含量在各个层次均呈现出不断的消耗趋势,由开垦前225~499 mg·kg~(-1)下降至开垦8 a后的138~225 mg·kg~(-1);随着开垦年限的增加,研究区土壤有机质、碱解氮和有效磷含量呈现出先下降再升高的趋势,基本上在开垦4 a左右的时候会出现一个较低值,然后随着开垦种植年限的增加而逐渐上升,如有效磷含量由开垦前3.7~8.1 mg·kg~(-1)下降至开垦4 a后的1.9~5.7 mg·kg~(-1),随后上升至开垦8 a后的3.37~13.5 mg·kg~(-1)。研究表明,研究区农业用地开垦时间的长短对土壤养分、盐分含量的影响表现出一定的规律。
[Abstract]:In order to study the temporal and spatial variation of soil nutrients of cultivated land with different reclamation years in oasis agriculture in arid area, the land of 5 reclamation years (2 a10 / 4 a ~ (6) / a ~ (8) a) in Manas watershed was selected and combined with geostatistics / 3s technique. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of soil nutrients and salts in the study area were studied by the method of spatial displacement time. The results showed that the total salt and available potassium content of each layer of soil decreased obviously with the increase of cultivated years in the study area. The total salt content decreased from 11.9 ~ 25.2 g / kg ~ (-1) to 1.7 ~ (3) g / kg ~ (-1) ~ (-1) after 8 years of reclamation, especially the total salt content of surface soil was maintained at the level of non-salinization and light salinization after cultivation for 68 ~ 8 years. The available potassium content of soil decreased from 225 ~ 499 mg 路kg ~ (-1) before reclamation to 138 ~ 225 mg 路kg ~ (-1) ~ (-1) after 8 years of reclamation, and with the increase of reclamation years, soil organic matter in the study area increased, but the available potassium content in the soil decreased from 225 ~ 499 mg / kg ~ (-1) before reclamation to 138 ~ (25) mg 路kg ~ (-1) ~ (-1) after reclamation for 8 years. The content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus decreased at first and then increased. After 4 years of reclamation, a lower value appeared, and then gradually increased with the increase of cultivation years. If the available phosphorus content decreased from 3.7U 8.1 mg kg 路kg -1 before reclamation to 1.9 ~ 5.7 mg 路kg ~ (-1) N ~ (-1) after 4 years of reclamation, and then increased to 3.37 ~ (13.5) mg 路kg ~ (-1) N ~ (-1) after 8 years of reclamation. The results showed that the effect of reclamation time on soil nutrient and salt content in the study area was regular.
【作者单位】：新疆土壤与植物生态过程实验室新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“绿洲农田土壤盐碱斑特征、类型及形成机制研究”(41261057);国家自然科学基金项目“基于无人机平台的滴灌棉花规模化种植过程中营养快速诊断指标及建模研究”(3156340) 农业部测土配方施肥补贴项目(新疆耕地地力评价专项经费) 新疆自治区土壤学重点学科基金
【分类号】：S158

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