几种聚合材料包膜尿素的研制及评价方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 07:08

本文选题：聚合材料 + 包膜尿素　；参考：《中国农业科技导报》2017年04期

【摘要】：为研究尿素养分释放特性,以有机物质(淀粉A/聚乙烯醇V)为基底材料,无机非金属矿物(硅藻土G/膨润土P/沸石粉F)为改性材料制备复合材料并包膜尿素,测定了包膜尿素的成粒率及抗压强度,采用水中溶出率法与土壤培养法探讨了包膜肥料养分的释放规律,并对两种方法的测定结果进行比较。研究结果表明:包膜尿素各粒径颗粒成粒率差异显著,3种包膜尿素中粒径3~4 mm颗粒成粒效果最好,均在60%左右,成粒效果及抗压强度均表现为AVGUAVPUAVFU,说明粘结性能表现为AVGAVPAVF。包膜肥料在水、土两介质中的养分释放率与释放期均有所不同,AVFU在水中的初期溶出率高达30%,7 d累积释放率高达75.02%,释放期仅约为11 d;AVGU与AVPU氮素释放缓释性能显著,其初期溶出率仅为12%~15%,7 d累积释放率为42.24%~58.36%,释放期约为36~44 d;而在相同培养时间内土壤中养分溶出率仅为水中的26%~57%,但释放期增长到了42~112 d。在聚乙烯醇-淀粉聚合物的基础上添加改性剂能够对膜材料的耐水性能以及缓释效果有不同程度的优化,膜材料的吸水特性很好地保证肥料养分的缓慢释放,更好地为植物的生长提供养分。
[Abstract]:In order to study the characteristics of urea nutrient release, the composite was prepared with organic material (starch A / polyvinyl alcohol V) as substrate material and inorganic nonmetallic mineral (diatomite G / bentonite / zeolite powder) as modified material. The granulation rate and compressive strength of coated urea were measured. The nutrient release rule of coated fertilizer was studied by water dissolution method and soil culture method, and the results of the two methods were compared. The results showed that there were significant differences in granulation rate among three kinds of coated urea. The granulation effect of 3 4 mm particles of coated urea was about 60%. The granulation effect and compressive strength were AVGUAVPUAVFU, indicating that the bonding property was AVGAVPAVFU. The nutrient release rate and release period of coated fertilizer in water and soil were different. The initial dissolution rate of AVFU in water was as high as 30 ~ 7 days cumulative release rate was up to 75.02%, and the release period was only about 11 days. The release rate of AVGU and AVPU nitrogen was significant. The initial dissolution rate was only 122.24% and 58.36 days, and the release period was 36 ~ 44 days, while the nutrient dissolution rate in the same culture time was only 26% in water, but the release period increased to 42 ~ 112 days. On the basis of polyvinyl alcohol-starch polymer, the water resistance and slow-release effect of membrane materials can be optimized in varying degrees, and the water absorption characteristics of membrane materials can ensure the slow release of fertilizer nutrients. Better provide nutrients for plant growth.
【作者单位】：三峡大学生物与制药学院;三峡大学三峡地区地质灾害与生态环境湖北省协同创新中心;三峡大学三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(51278281) 湖北省教育厅优秀中青年科技创新团队计划项目(T201304) 三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心2016年开放基金项目(KF2016-05) 长江科学院开放研究基金项目(CKWV2015205/KY) 三峡大学博士科研启动基金项目(KJ2014B038)资助
【分类号】：TQ441.41

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