陇东地区几种旱作作物产量对降水与气温变化的响应

发布时间：2018-05-27 14:00

  本文选题：气候变化 + 降水　； 参考：《农业工程学报》2016年09期

【摘要】：研究作物产量对气候变化的响应,对于指导区域农业生产,保障粮食安全和生态安全具有一定的理论指导意义。结合大田试验与农业生产系统模拟模型(Agricultural Production Systems Simulator,APSIM),在验证模拟研究区冬小麦、玉米和紫花苜蓿产量可靠性的基础上,分析5个降水变化梯度(降水量不变、降低10%和20%、升高10%和20%)和5个气温变化梯度(不变、降低1.5和1℃、升高1.5和1℃)组合情景下3种作物的产量变化趋势。结果表明:APSIM模型在试验点对3种作物籽粒产量和生物量的模拟精度较高,决定系数R2在0.80~0.93之间,归一化均方根误差在11.35%~22.48%之间,模型有效系数在0.53~0.91之间。冬小麦、玉米和紫花苜蓿在气温升高、降水量减少的情景下减产,减产的最大幅度分别为38.7%、40.3%和41.8%;冬小麦、紫花苜蓿的在气温降低、降水量增加时增产,增产的最大幅度分别为29.8%和51.7%;玉米在降水量增加、温度不变的情景下增产幅度最大,为22.0%。总之,在研究范围内,3种作物的产量随降水的增加而增高;玉米的产量随气温升高先增高后降低,另2种作物的产量随气温的升高而降低;紫花苜蓿适应气候变化的能力最强。结果对明确黄土高原地区主要作物的生产走势,制订农业布局、管理措施等具有一定意义。
[Abstract]:The research on the response of crop yield to climate change has a certain theoretical significance for guiding regional agricultural production and ensuring food security and ecological security. Combined with field experiment and agricultural production system simulation model, agricultural Production Systems Simulatorus APSIMA, on the basis of verifying the reliability of winter wheat, maize and alfalfa yield in the simulated study area, five precipitation variation gradients (precipitation constant) were analyzed. The yield change trends of three crops were decreased by 10% and 20%, increased by 10% and 20%, and increased by 10% and 20%, respectively, and the gradient of temperature change (constant, 1.5 and 1 鈩，

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