清代梁章钜《农候杂占》中的天气预报研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 14:07

本文选题：天气预报 + 梁章钜　；参考：《南京信息工程大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自古以来,农业气象谚语对我国人民的生产生活起着至关重要的作用。清代梁章钜撰写的这本《农候杂占》是一部月令式农书。本书共四万多字,分四卷:卷一包括十二个月逐月占候;卷二至卷四分列出天象、物象乃至草木虫鱼等天气现象和气候变化的谚语,大多是前人著述的摘录。主要根据南方农事活动摘引和注解,凡涉占验者,具旁征博引,并且还引用了一部分福建当地的谚语,独具特色。本文在《农候杂占》原文占谚的基础上结合现代科学理论,对相关谚语进行了科学证明,对本著进行了较为完整的天气预报方面的谚语研究。近现代对《农候杂占》的系统研究甚少,因此,本人在绪论部分分析了 20世纪以来我国古代农业气象谣谚的研究,指出了近现代以来农业占验的总体研究情况。第一章考证了《农候杂占》的成书、作者简介以及版本流传,并介绍了此书的体例特点:即体例编排极大地继承了前人的优点,显得极为完备。可以说《农候杂占》的体例是农业占验类书籍中最为成熟的,代表着古人对于气象占候分类的巅峰,体现着人们对于气象的看法和观点。第二章对其中的物候占验进行了天气预报研究,包括鸟兽鱼虫、草木类、谷蔬类的相关占验的研究。从这些谚语的研究中可以发现,动植物的在某些特定时期的一些特殊表现是可以用来预测天气的,仔细观察其中特点可以给我们观测天气带来方便。第三章对书中与气象有关的占验进行了天气预报研究。不同的气象现象有着不同的特点,气象现象的产生都是有一定原因的,解开这些现象的原因并且科学手段加以证明,也可以使气象谚语为观测天气服务。第四章是有关天文的占验与天气预报研究。本章节中对“日”、“月”、“星”、“河汉”四种与天文有关的谚语进行了科学的解释和证明。以上这些章节中的占验都运用科学原理,对其进行了逐条论证、解释。
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, agrometeorological proverbs have played a vital role in the production and life of Chinese people. In Qing Dynasty, Liang Zhangju wrote this book, "the Miscellaneous occupation of Rural weathers", which is a monthly agricultural book. The book consists of more than 40, 000 words and is divided into four volumes: volume 1 consists of 12-month-by-month accounts; volumes 2 to 4 list weather phenomena and climate change proverbs such as celestial phenomena, physical signs and even vegetation, insects and fish, mostly excerpts from previous writings According to the excerpts and notes of agricultural activities in southern China, there are some local proverbs in Fujian, which are unique. In this paper, based on the proverbs in the original text of "Agricultural mixed accounts", combined with the modern scientific theory, the relevant proverbs are scientifically proved, and the proverbs of weather forecast are studied in this paper. There is very little systematic research on "Agricultural mixed accounts" in modern times. Therefore, in the introduction part, I analyzed the ancient agricultural meteorological rhymes and sayings in China since the 20th century, and pointed out the overall research situation of agricultural occupation since the modern times. In the first chapter, the author's brief introduction and edition circulation of the book are studied, and the characteristics of the style of the book are introduced: that is, the style arrangement inherits the advantages of the predecessors and appears to be extremely complete. It can be said that the style of "agricultural miscellaneous occupation" is the most mature in agricultural occupation books, which represents the peak of the ancient classification of meteorological occupation and reflects people's views and views on meteorology. In the second chapter, the weather forecast of phenology is studied, including the related studies of birds, animals, fish and insects, plants and vegetables. From the study of these proverbs, it can be found that some special manifestations of animals and plants at certain times can be used to predict the weather, and careful observation of the characteristics can bring us convenience to observe the weather. The third chapter studies the weather forecast in the book. Different meteorological phenomena have different characteristics. There are certain reasons for the occurrence of meteorological phenomena. To solve the causes of these phenomena and to prove them by scientific means can also make meteorological proverbs serve the observation of weather. The fourth chapter is about astronomical occupation and weather forecast research. In this chapter, four kinds of astronomical proverbs such as Sun, Moon, Star and River Han are scientifically explained and proved. The above chapters all use scientific principles to demonstrate and explain them one by one.
【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S165-09

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