论实施农地生态报偿的必要性和合理性——以马克思的农地肥力观为中心

发布时间：2018-05-28 21:33

本文选题：土地肥力 + 经济肥力　；参考：《云南社会科学》2017年01期

【摘要】：在马克思的《资本论》中,农地的"自然肥力"是自然历史过程的产物,农地的"人工肥力"是人类生产实践活动的产物,农地的"经济肥力"是指前二者的结合体。这意味着在农地肥力中,有一部分"人工肥力"投入能够立即和"自然肥力"相结合,转化为当期的经济肥力,成为农产品价值的必然组成部分。还有一部分"人工肥力"不能立即转化为当期的"经济肥力",却是未来土地肥力的重要补充,是土地肥力维护乃至农业生态系统维护的重要内容。由于这种生态维护凝结着无差别的人类劳动,具有生态维护的使用价值和价值。因此,在生态文明建设的当下,将这种生态维护的劳动投入纳入价值核算的框架,可以避免生态维护主体缺失、生态维护投入无法落实到位的弊端,因而实施农地生态报偿也就具有了必要性和合理性。也只需将人工肥力中能够持续生效的部分做出准确的估算,生态报偿的具体额度就可以落到实处,生态报偿也就可以付诸实践。
[Abstract]:In Marx's "Capital", the "natural fertility" of farmland is the product of natural historical process, the "artificial fertility" of farmland is the product of human production practice, and the "economic fertility" of farmland is the combination of the former two. This means that in the farmland fertility, a part of the "artificial fertility" input can be immediately combined with "natural fertility", which can be transformed into the current economic fertility, and become an inevitable part of the value of agricultural products. Some of the "artificial fertility" can not be immediately transformed into the current "economic fertility", but it is an important supplement to the future land fertility, and an important content of the maintenance of land fertility and even the maintenance of agricultural ecosystem. Because this kind of ecological maintenance condenses the undifferentiated human labor, it has the use value and value of ecological maintenance. Therefore, in the current construction of ecological civilization, if the labor input of ecological maintenance is included in the framework of value accounting, the defects of the main body of ecological maintenance can be avoided, and the investment of ecological maintenance cannot be implemented. Therefore, the implementation of ecological compensation for agricultural land also has the necessity and rationality. We only need to estimate the part of artificial fertility that can continue to be effective accurately, the specific amount of ecological compensation can be implemented, ecological compensation can also be put into practice.
【作者单位】：吉首大学历史与文化学院;
【基金】：湖南省教育厅资金项目“技术类农业文化遗产保护与扶贫攻坚协同推进的可行性研究”(项目号:16C1333) 国家社会科学基金重大项目“西南少数民族传统生态文化的文献采辑、研究与利用”(项目号:16ZDA157)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：S158

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