对转基因作物问题的哲学思考

发布时间：2018-05-28 19:02

本文选题：转基因作物 + 安全性评价　；参考：《成都理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着现代科学技术的发展,人类工业化的进展加快,导致环境污染、资源枯竭、生态失衡,严重破坏了人类生存环境。转基因作物在给人类创造巨大经济效益的同时,也对生物的多样性安全和生态系统平衡形成了一定程度的破坏,这也是作为一项高新科技所无法回避的问题。从转基因作物诞生开始,围绕其利弊的争议就从未中断,争议的焦点主要围绕其是否对人类健康和生态系统构成危害而产生。就现实而言,转基因作物作为一种“非自然”的基因转移产物必然会对传统的生态平衡造成一定的破坏,至于这种破坏对人类发展究竟会带来怎样的恶果,目前尚无定论。不过,在遵循预先防范的原则之下,对转基因作物进行全方位的安全评估是保障人类生命和健康权的必要之举。从当前现实来看,我们应该放下争议,转而思考如何引导转基因作物朝着有利于人类社会的方向发展,进一步发掘转基因作物的巨大潜力,减少转基因作物安全性方面的风险和威胁,使其更好地为人类的生存和发展服务。基于此,转基因作物的发展该如何平衡生态恶化与粮食安全、转基因作物的安全性评价体系该如何建立、转基因作物的专利该以何种方式保护、转基因作物的伦理困境该如何突破等难题是促使本文得以形成的重要原因。本文主要从科技哲学的角度出发,尝试对转基因作物的潜在效益和可能风险、转基因作物导致的问题所在以及相关原因进行分析,规避人们对转基因作物的妖魔化或者神话,使人们对转基因作物的认识趋于理性,为今后转基因作物的研究发展提供科学支撑。文章分五个部分展开论述。第一章引言部分,对本文的选题背景作了简要介绍,包括选题依据、研究目的、国内外研究的现状及综述、研究的思路和方法以及论文的创新与不足。转基因作物问题产生的原因较为复杂,以往对转基因作物的研究,主要集中在生物技术学、经济、社会、环境安全等角度,本文另辟跷径,从科技哲学的角度分析了当前转基因作物发展方面存在的问题,揭示转基因作物问题的本质和产生原因,为转基因作物的进一步发展尝试性的提供建设性的建议。第二章是转基因作物的发展与展望。由于转基因作物的发展对人类和社会的影响不可估量,转基因作物的研究一直是国际社会研究的重点问题之一,本章首先对生物技术、转基因技术、转基因作物等概念作了界定。然后对转基因作物的发展现状做了概述。接着,文章从转基因作物的潜在效益和潜在风险出发分析了转基因作物的影响。最后简明阐述了转基因作物研究发展趋势和特点。目前来看,转基因作物的发展态势良好,但是由于地区经济发展水平、农业发展现状、基因技术积累、民众风险意识等方面各不相同,各国对转基因作物的管理政策也有较大差异。如果各国能了解影响社会各主体在转基因作物上的认知因素,加深对转基因作物的社会认知研究,会促使各国对转基因作物上的政策制定上更有张力,更有操作性,也更容易取得积极的现实意义。第三章对转基因作物问题的外在表现及本质做了详细分析,由于转基因作物蕴含着巨大的发展潜力,且隐藏着未知的风险,对人类生活的影响日益加重,且科学界不断出现一些新的实验证据,国际社会对于转基因作物的发展产生了激烈的争论。人们对转基因作物的争议,主要围绕其是否对人类健康和生态系统构成危害而产生,目前集中表现在对转基因作物的安全性评价标准、食品标识和生物专利三个方面。不管是对转基因作物的安全性评价标准和标识问题的争议,还是对转基因作物专利授予的争议,归根到底就是转基因作物对公众健康和生命安全、公众权利以及社会公正所造成的影响所导致的。本章对这些问题的外在表现及其本质进行了分析,并探讨了争议的主要核心是什么。通过这些,使我们形成了对转基因作物的理性认识,为找到正确的解决途径指明方向。第四章重点剖析了转基因作物问题产生的原因。任何新事物的产生,都会遭到人们的怀疑和质问。作为一项新事物,转基因作物的出现,会引发人们的关注和疑虑也是必然的,从表面来看,转基因作物问题的争议是科学范围内的争论,争论的主题是其安全性问题。然而转基因作物问题的产生并非是如此简单,除了其本身的有限性和两面性决定了争议的出现,经济利益的驱使和对转基因作物的社会问题更是对这场争论起到了推波助澜的作用。这些问题的产生都有着深刻的原因,科学技术自身的限制以及社会和文化方面的因素也加剧了这些问题。通过对转基因作物相关问题产生的原因进行透析,才能找出发展转基因作物的正确途径,既能维护人类的整体利益,也能使转基因作物的潜力得到充分发挥,达到人和自然和谐发展的双赢局面。最后,文章从科技哲学的角度出发,分析了我们究竟应该怎样对待转基因作物,如何引导转基因作物朝着有利于人类社会的方向发展,合理地处理转基因作物与人的关系,使二者实现有机统一。根据前文中对转基因作物问题产生原因的分析,相应提出了立足科技促发展、实现坚持科技和人性的有机统一、坚持可持续发展原则、转变思维方式以及强化科学家的伦理原则和道德规范等对策,为从根本上解决转基因作物问题提供一种思路。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern science and technology, the progress of human industrialization has been accelerated, resulting in environmental pollution, exhaustion of resources and ecological imbalance, which seriously disrupt the living environment of human beings. While genetically modified crops have created enormous economic benefits for human beings, it has also formed a certain degree of destruction to the biodiversity and the balance of biological systems. This is also the case. The controversy over its advantages and disadvantages has never been interrupted since the birth of genetically modified crops. The focus of the dispute is on whether it is harmful to human health and the ecosystem. In reality, genetically modified crops will inevitably be transmitted as a "non natural" gene transfer product. The ecological balance of the system has caused a certain damage, and there is no final conclusion on what kind of evil that this destruction will bring to human development. However, under the precautionary principle, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive safety assessment of genetically modified crops as a guarantee of human life and health. Put down the dispute and think about how to guide genetically modified crops to develop in the direction of human society, to further explore the potential of genetically modified crops, to reduce the risks and threats of the safety of genetically modified crops, to better serve the survival and development of human beings. How to establish the safety evaluation system of genetically modified crops, how to establish the safety evaluation system of genetically modified crops, how to protect the patents of genetically modified crops, how to break through the ethical dilemma of genetically modified crops, and how to break through this paper. This paper tries to explore the potential of genetically modified crops from the perspective of scientific and technological philosophy. In terms of benefits and possible risks, the problems caused by genetically modified crops and related reasons are analyzed to avoid the demonize or mythology of genetically modified crops, to make people's understanding of genetically modified crops rational and to provide scientific support for the research and development of transgenic crops in the future. The article is divided into five parts. In the introduction, the background of this paper is briefly introduced, including the basis of the topic, the purpose of the study, the present situation and summary of the research at home and abroad, the ideas and methods of the research, and the innovation and deficiency of the paper. The reasons for the production of transgenic crops are more complex. From the point of view of society and environmental security, this paper analyzes the existing problems in the development of transgenic crops from the perspective of philosophy of science and technology, reveals the essence and causes of the problem of genetically modified crops, and provides constructive suggestions for the further development of genetically modified crops. The second chapter is the development and development of GM crops. Due to the immeasurable impact of the development of transgenic crops on human and society, the research of genetically modified crops has been one of the key issues in the international community. Firstly, the concepts of biotechnology, transgenic technology and genetically modified crops are defined. Then, the development status of transgenic crops is summarized. On the basis of the potential and potential risks of genetic crops, the influence of genetically modified crops is analyzed. Finally, the development trend and characteristics of transgenic crops are briefly described. At present, the development trend of GM crops is good, but the development level of regional economy, agricultural development, genetic technology accumulation and public risk awareness are also discussed. Different countries have great differences in the management policies of genetically modified crops. If countries can understand the cognitive factors that affect the social subjects on genetically modified crops and deepen the research on the social cognition of genetically modified crops, it will lead countries to make more tension, more operational, and easier access to the policy formulation of genetically modified crops. The third chapter makes a detailed analysis of the external manifestations and nature of the problem of genetically modified crops. Because the genetically modified crops have great potential for development, the unknown risks are hidden, the impact on human life is increasing, and some new experimental evidence has been found in the scientific community. There is a heated debate on the development of genetically modified crops, mainly about whether they are harmful to human health and the ecosystem. At present, there are three aspects of the safety evaluation criteria for genetically modified crops, food labeling and biological patents. In the final analysis, the controversies of the identification problem or the patents granted to genetically modified crops are, in the final analysis, the effects of genetically modified crops on public health and life safety, public rights and social justice. This chapter analyses the external manifestations and essence of these problems, and discusses the main core of the dispute. Through these, we have formed a rational understanding of genetically modified crops and pointed out the direction for finding a correct solution. The fourth chapter focuses on the causes of the problem of genetically modified crops. The emergence of any new thing will be questioned and questioned by people. As a new thing, the emergence of genetically modified crops will lead to people. Concerns and doubts are also inevitable. On the surface, the issue of genetically modified crops is an argument within the scope of science. The theme of the debate is its safety. However, the production of genetically modified crops is not so simple as to determine the emergence of the dispute, the economic benefits and the turn base, in addition to its own limited and dual nature. The social problems of crops have played an important role in this debate. These problems have profound reasons, the limitations of science and technology, and the social and cultural factors also aggravate these problems. Through the analysis of the causes of the related problems of genetically modified crops, we can find the development of the transformation. The correct way of crops can not only safeguard the overall interests of human beings, but also make the potential of genetically modified crops fully exploited to achieve a win-win situation of harmonious development between human and nature. Finally, from the perspective of scientific and technological philosophy, the article analyzes how we should treat transgenic crops and how to guide genetically modified crops to be beneficial. In the direction of human society, the relationship between genetically modified crops and human beings is properly handled and the two people are unified. According to the analysis of the causes of the problem of genetically modified crops in the previous article, it is proposed that the development of science and technology should be promoted, the organic unity of Science and technology and human nature, the principle of sustainable development, the change of thinking mode and the strength of the two are put forward. The ethical principles and moral norms of chemical scientists provide a way to fundamentally solve the problem of genetically modified crops.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：N02;S188

【参考文献】