土壤pH对不同酸性敏感型水稻品种氮利用效率与根际土壤生物学特性的影响

发布时间：2018-05-29 07:27

本文选题：水稻 + 土壤pH　；参考：《核农学报》2017年04期

【摘要】：为探讨酸化土壤影响水稻氮利用效率的土壤生物学机制,以酸性敏感型品种五优308和酸性特异型品种荆楚优148为材料,采用盆栽试验考察不同土壤pH条件下水稻的氮利用效率指标与根际土壤酶活性及微生物数量的关系。结果表明,在土壤pH值3.5~6.5范围内,五优308氮素稻谷生产效率(NGPE)与氮生理效率(NPE)随土壤pH值的下降显著降低,氮收获指数(NHI)变化不明显;而荆楚优148中3个指标在pH值5.0时最大。土壤pH值的下降均降低了2个品种的根际土壤酶活性,但品种间、时期间降幅稍有差异。五优308各时期磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)含量随土壤pH值降低而降低,而荆楚优148各时期PLFA含量在pH值5.0时最高。五优308的NGPE、NPE与3种土壤酶活性均呈显著正相关,而NHI仅与蔗糖酶活性呈极显著正相关;荆楚优148氮利用效率指标与土壤酶活性呈负相关,与土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶活性的相关性较显著;五优308氮利用效率指标与微生物数量呈正相关,但其显著性在不同生育时期间与微生物间有一定差异;而荆楚优148氮利用效率指标与分蘖~孕穗期土壤微生物数量呈极显著正相关,与齐穗期土壤微生物数量呈极显著负相关。由此可见,酸性敏感型水稻品种氮利用效率随土壤pH下降显著降低,且主要由根际土壤酶活性与微生物数量显著下降所致;而酸性特异型水稻品种氮利用效率在pH值5.0时最大,且其与土壤生物学特性指标的相关性表现与酸性敏感型水稻品种不同。本研究初步明确了酸化稻田影响水稻氮利用效率的土壤生物学机制,为酸化稻田适宜水稻品种选择提供了参考。
[Abstract]:In order to study the soil biological mechanism of the effects of acidified soil on nitrogen utilization efficiency of rice, the acid sensitive cultivar Wuyou 308 and the acid special type variety Jingchu you 148 were used as materials. Pot experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between nitrogen use efficiency (Nue) and enzyme activity and microbial quantity in rhizosphere soil under different soil pH conditions. The results showed that in the range of soil pH value of 3.5 ~ 6.5, the nitrogen yield efficiency (NGPE-) and the nitrogen physiological efficiency (NPE) of Wuyou 308 decreased significantly with the decrease of soil pH value, but the nitrogen harvest index (NHII) did not change significantly, but the three indexes of Jingchu you 148 were the largest at pH 5.0. The decrease of soil pH value decreased the soil enzyme activity of the two cultivars, but there was a slight difference between the two cultivars. The content of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) in Wuyou 308 decreased with the decrease of soil pH, while the content of PLFA in Jingchu you 148 was the highest at pH 5.0. NGPENPE of Wuyou 308 was positively correlated with three soil enzymes, while NHI was only positively correlated with the activity of sucrase, and the nitrogen use efficiency index of Jingchu you 148 was negatively correlated with soil enzyme activity. The nitrogen utilization efficiency index of Wuyou 308 was positively correlated with the number of microorganisms, but there was a certain difference between them during different growth periods. However, the nitrogen utilization efficiency index of Jingchu you 148 was positively correlated with the number of soil microorganisms at tillering to booting stage, and negatively correlated with the number of soil microorganisms at full heading stage. It can be seen that the nitrogen use efficiency of acid sensitive rice varieties decreased significantly with the decrease of soil pH, and was mainly caused by the decrease of enzyme activity and the number of microorganisms in rhizosphere soil, while the nitrogen utilization efficiency of acid and special type rice varieties was the highest at pH 5.0. The correlation between soil biological characteristics and soil biological characteristics was different from that of acid-sensitive rice varieties. In this study, the soil biological mechanism of the effects of acidified paddy fields on the nitrogen utilization efficiency of rice was preliminarily clarified, which provided a reference for the selection of suitable rice varieties in acidified paddy fields.
【作者单位】：湖南农业大学农学院/南方粮油作物协同创新中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31171494) 国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B01)
【分类号】：S511;S154

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