长期不同施肥对土壤和玉米锌含量的影响

发布时间：2018-05-29 07:54

本文选题：长期定位施肥 + 棕壤　；参考：《中国土壤与肥料》2017年06期

【摘要】：利用棕壤肥料长期定位试验,研究不同施肥处理对耕层土壤pH值、有机质、不同形态Zn和玉米茎秆、籽粒中Zn含量的影响,揭示长期施肥条件下,Zn在土壤-植物系统中的迁移规律及其影响因素。试验开始于1979年,采用玉米-玉米-大豆轮作体系,试验处理为:N1P、N1PK、N1、N2、CK、M1N1P、M1N1PK、M1N1、M1N2、M1、M2N1P、M2N1PK、M2N1、M2N2、M2,其中CK为不施肥处理,N1和N2施氮量分别为120和180kg/hm2,M1和M2施有机肥量分别为13.5和27 t/hm2。在2015年玉米收获期,采集了不同施肥处理0~20 cm耕层土壤样品,分析了土壤pH值、有机质,测定了土壤不同形态Zn和玉米籽粒、茎秆中Zn含量。与1979年原始土壤相比,绝大多数处理土壤pH值都显著降低,化肥处理降低1~2个单位,有机肥和化肥配施降低0.5~0.8个单位,单独施用有机肥pH值有所增加。不施肥处理土壤有机质、全量Zn和有效态Zn均下降,施用化肥绝大多数处理土壤有机质、全量和有效态Zn含量基本保持不变;施用有机肥处理,土壤有机质、全量和有效态Zn含量均显著增加。施用有机肥也显著增加有机结合态和交换态Zn含量。玉米籽粒和茎秆中Zn含量也表现为不施肥处理最低,施用化肥或有机肥配施化肥处理显著增加。pH值与土壤有效锌之间没有显著负相关关系,土壤有机质与有效态Zn、全Zn、籽粒以及茎秆Zn之间均呈现显著性正相关关系。经过长期耕作和施肥,土壤pH值显著下降,施用氮肥是引起土壤pH值下降的主要原因。长期不施肥土壤和植物中Zn含量下降,而施用有机肥显著增加土壤和植物中Zn含量。施用有机肥主要是通过增加土壤有机质含量,从而提高有机结合态和可交换态Zn的储量来为土壤和植物提供更多的Zn。pH值降低对土壤锌的活化作用不显著。
[Abstract]:The effects of different fertilization treatments on the soil pH, organic matter, different forms of Zn and corn stalk, and the Zn content in grain were studied by the long-term fertilization test of brown soil fertilizer. The migration rules and influencing factors of Zn in the soil plant system under long-term fertilization were revealed. The test began in 1979, using corn corn soybean rotation system. N1P, N1PK, N1, N2, CK, M1N1P, M1N1PK, M1N1, M1N2, M1, M2N1P, M2N1PK are 13.5 and 27 respectively in the 2015 jade rice harvest period, and the different fertilization treatments were collected and the soil samples were collected and analyzed. Value and organic matter, the contents of Zn in different forms of soil Zn and corn grain and stem were measured. Compared with the original soil in 1979, most of the soil pH values were significantly reduced, chemical fertilizer treatment was reduced by 1~2 units, organic manure and chemical fertilizer were used to reduce 0.5~0.8 units, and the pH value of organic manure alone was increased. Soil organic matter was not treated by fertilization. The total amount of Zn and the effective state Zn were decreased. Most of the soil organic matter was treated with chemical fertilizer, and the content of total and effective Zn remained unchanged. The organic manure and the available Zn content of soil organic matter increased significantly with the application of organic manure. The organic manure and the exchange state Zn content were significantly increased by applying organic manure. The Zn contained in corn grain and stem was contained. There was no significant negative correlation between the increase of.PH value and the available zinc in soil. There was a significant positive correlation between soil organic matter and effective Zn, all Zn, grain and stem Zn. After long-term cultivation and fertilization, soil pH value decreased significantly. The application of nitrogen fertilizer is the main cause of the decrease of soil pH value. The content of Zn in soil and plants is significantly increased by the application of organic manure. The application of organic manure is mainly by increasing the content of soil organic matter and increasing the reserves of organic and exchangeable Zn to provide soil and plants for soil and plants. More Zn.pH reduction had no significant effect on soil zinc activation.
【作者单位】：沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院/农业部东北玉米营养与施肥科学观测实验站;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(31471940) 农业部植物营养与肥料学科群开放基金(2014-02)
【分类号】：S153;S513

【相似文献】