长期秸秆还田对白浆土物理性质及水稻产量的影响

发布时间：2018-05-29 13:15

本文选题：秸秆还田 + 白浆土　；参考：《中国农业科学》2017年14期

【摘要】：【目的】明确长期秸秆还田对白浆土土壤物理性质及水稻产量的影响。【方法】开展秸秆还田长期定位试验。试验设置4个处理,分别为对照(CK),单施秸秆(S),秸秆+化肥(SNPK),单施化肥(NPK)。在2005年后连年处理,并于试验处理前和2010年、2015年试验处理期间调查土壤容重、硬度、孔隙、三相组成以及水稻产量。【结果】白浆土长期秸秆还田有利于水稻产量提高,10年产量平均,秸秆还田配施肥料处理水稻产量比对照和秸秆单独还田处理增产275.70%和133.23%,比单施化肥处理增产14.17%。秸秆还田处理水稻产量在还田第5—10年平均产量比第1—5年有增加趋势;长期秸秆还田可以改善土壤物理性质,降低土壤容重、硬度,还田10年后,秸秆还田配施化肥处理土壤容重低于化肥单施、秸秆单施及对照处理,SNPK处理0—20、20—30 cm土层土壤容重与对照相比分别降低6.34%和10.00%,与还田5年后同类处理相比仍呈下降趋势;秸秆还田配施化肥处理土壤硬度10年后在10、20、30 cm土层与处理前相比分别降低为26.87%、5.68%和4.62%,在20—30 cm土层与对照相比差异显著,还田10年与5年后相比有下降趋势,其他处理变化不明显;还田5年后,秸秆还田配施化肥处理在0—20、20—30、30—40 cm土层土壤固相比例与对照相比分别下降8.82%、8.36%和3.65%,还田10年后分别下降10.87%、10.61%和4.67%,10年后要比5年后下降幅度大,秸秆还田配施化肥比秸秆单施和化肥单施处理下降幅度大;长期秸秆还田可以增加土壤有效孔隙的数量,在处理间和年限间差异极显著,还田10年后,在0—20、20—30、30—40 cm土层秸秆还田配施化肥土壤有效孔隙比对照增加28.86%、63.85%和23.40%,在20—30 cm和30—40 cm土层比化肥单施增加12.55%和62.96%,在0—20、20—30、30—40cm土层比秸秆单施增加19.68%、56.52%和24.46%;与还田5年后相比,土壤有效孔隙度均呈现增加的趋势。【结论】长期秸秆还田可以改善白浆土不良物理性状,降低白浆层的容重、硬度,增加土壤总孔隙度和有效孔隙的比例,提高水稻产量。秸秆还田年限越长改善土壤不良物理性质效果越明显。单独进行秸秆还田改善土壤效果不明显,秸秆还田配施肥料处理效果明显;在不同处理上,秸秆还田配施化肥处理既有改土效果,又可提高水稻产量,而单施化肥和单独秸秆还田均达不到此类效果。
[Abstract]:[objective] to determine the effect of long-term straw returning to soil on soil physical properties and rice yield. [methods] Long-Term Localization experiment of Straw returning to Field was carried out. Four treatments were set up in the experiment, which were CK, SNPK, SNPK and NPK respectively. Soil bulk density, hardness, porosity were investigated before and after treatment in 2005 and during test treatment in 2010 and 2015. Three-phase composition and rice yield. [results] Long-term straw returning to the field in the clay soil was beneficial to the increase of rice yield and the average yield per 10 years. The rice yield increased by 275.70% and 133.23% and 14.17% than that of the control and the single straw application respectively. The average yield of rice in the 5-10 years after returning straw to the field showed an increasing trend compared with that in the 1-5 years, and long-term straw returning could improve the physical properties of the soil, reduce the soil bulk density and hardness, and 10 years after returning to the field. Compared with the control, the soil bulk density of the treatments treated with straw and chemical fertilizer was decreased by 6.34% and 10.00% respectively, and the soil bulk density decreased by 6.34% and 10.00% respectively compared with that of the control, and still showed a decreasing trend compared with the similar treatments after 5 years. The soil hardness decreased to 26.875.68% and 4.62% in 10 ~ 20 ~ 30 cm soil layer after 10 years of straw returning and chemical fertilizer application respectively, and there was a significant difference between 20 ~ 30 cm soil layer and the control, and there was a downward trend in 10 years after returning to the field compared with 5 years later. Other treatments did not change significantly; 5 years after returning to the field, The proportion of solid phase in 0-20 ~ 30 ~ 30 ~ 40 cm soil layer decreased by 8.82% and 3.65% in the soil layer of 0-20 ~ 30 ~ 30 ~ 40 cm, and decreased 10.87% and 4.67% respectively after returning to the field 10 years later, and the decrease was larger after 10 years than that after 5 years, and the proportion of solid phase in the soil of 0-20 ~ 30 ~ 30 ~ 40 cm soil layer was decreased by 8.82% and 3.65%, respectively. The amount of effective pores in soil can be increased by returning straw to field for a long time, and the difference between treatments and years is very significant, 10 years after returning straw to the field, the amount of effective porosity of soil can be increased by applying chemical fertilizer in combination with straw and chemical fertilizer alone, 10 years after returning to the field. The available porosity of soil applied with chemical fertilizer in 0-20 ~ 20 ~ 30 ~ 30 ~ 40 cm soil layer increased by 28.86% and 23.40% compared with that of the control, increased by 12.55% and 62.96% in 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm soil layer, and increased by 12.55% and 62.96% in 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm soil layer, respectively, and in 0-20 ~ 20 ~ 30 ~ 30 ~ 30 ~ 40 cm soil layer was higher than that in straw soil layer alone. 56.52% and 24.46% more than after returning to the field five years later, [conclusion] Long-term straw returning to the field can improve the bad physical properties of the clay, reduce the bulk density and hardness of the white pulp layer, increase the ratio of soil total porosity and effective porosity, and increase the yield of rice. The longer the straw was returned to the field, the more obvious the effect of improving the bad physical properties of soil was. The effect of straw returning to the field to improve the soil was not obvious, and the effect of straw returning to the field with fertilizer was obvious. In different treatments, straw returning to the field with chemical fertilizer could improve the soil and increase the yield of rice. However, the application of chemical fertilizer alone and the return of straw to the field could not achieve this kind of effect.
【作者单位】：黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所;黑龙江省农垦建三江管理局八五九农场;黑龙江八一农垦大学;日本NICH研究所;黑龙江省农业科学院科研处;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300902-05) 农业部公益性行业专项(201503118-04) 黑龙江省博士后基金(LBH-Z13189) 黑龙江省自然科学基金(D2015005) 黑龙江省农业科学院创新工程(2014JQ03)
【分类号】：S141.4;S511

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