氯甲基吡啶对滴灌棉田土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响

发布时间：2018-05-30 21:26

  本文选题：氯甲基吡啶 + 土壤微生物　； 参考：《中国生态农业学报》2017年07期

【摘要】：已知硝化抑制剂氯甲基吡啶能有效抑制土壤硝化,减少氮的淋洗和硝化-反硝化损失,促进作物对氮素的吸收,但是其对干旱区滴灌条件下土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响尚不明确。本试验研究了尿素添加氯甲基吡啶(Nitrapyrin)分次随水滴施对干旱区滴灌棉田土壤微生物碳代谢和群落功能多样性的影响。试验采用随机区组设计,设置不施氮肥[CK,0 kg(N)·hm~(-2)]、单施尿素[Urea,225 kg(N)·hm~(-2)]和尿素添加氯甲基吡啶[Urea+nitrapyrin,225 kg(N)·hm~(-2)+2.25 kg(nitrapyrin)·hm~(-2)]3个处理,重复4次,采用Biolog-ECO法进行土壤微生物碳代谢和功能多样性研究。结果表明:与不施氮肥(CK)相比,施用尿素和尿素添加氯甲基吡啶均能显著提高土壤微生物对31种碳源的代谢能力(AWCD)和代谢强度(S)(P0.05),增加土壤微生物多样性和丰富度(Shannon指数、Simpson指数、Mc Intosh指数和Richness指数)以及对各类碳源的利用能力。尿素添加氯甲基吡啶随水滴施后,土壤微生物AWCD值、碳代谢强度、Shannon指数、Simpson指数、Mc Intosh指数以及Richness指数均大于单施尿素处理,且较单施尿素处理分别提高13.83%、9.33%、1.29%、1.34%、11.26%、11.79%(P0.05),均匀度指数则低于单施尿素处理(P0.05)。PCA和聚类分析结果表明,施用尿素和尿素添加氯甲基吡啶对土壤微生物群落功能多样性均产生了显著影响,但尿素添加氯甲基吡啶与单施尿素处理差异不显著;氯甲基吡啶的添加提高了土壤微生物对聚合物、酚酸、羧酸、氨基酸以及胺类的利用,降低了对碳水化合物的利用(P0.05)。上述研究结果得出,在干旱区滴灌棉田,尿素添加氯甲基吡啶分次随水滴施可调控土壤的微生态环境,在一定程度上提高土壤微生物的代谢能力,增加微生物群落功能多样性,缓解因长期施用无机氮肥导致的土壤微生物活性的降低。
[Abstract]:It is known that chloromethylpyridine, a nitrification inhibitor, can effectively inhibit soil nitrification, reduce nitrogen leaching and nitrification-denitrification loss, and promote nitrogen uptake by crops. However, its effect on the functional diversity of soil microbial communities under drip irrigation in arid areas is not clear. The effects of urea on soil microbial carbon metabolism and community functional diversity in drip irrigation cotton field were studied. A randomized block design was used to study soil microbial carbon metabolism and functional diversity by applying nitrogen fertilizer (CK 0 kg N), single application of urea (Urea1 225 kg N), and urea supplemented with Urea nitrilyrinyrinx 225 kg N (hmMN 2) 2.25 kg nitrapyrinyrin1 (HMN) 2) 4 times, respectively, and repeated 4 times for 4 times in order to study the carbon metabolism and functional diversity of soil microbes by means of Biolog-ECO method in the study of soil microbial carbon metabolism and functional diversity. The results showed that compared with CK without applying nitrogen fertilizer, Application of urea and urea with chloromethylpyridine could significantly improve the metabolic ability of soil microbes to 31 carbon sources and the metabolic intensity of P0. 05%, and increase the diversity and richness of soil microbes, such as Intosh index and Richness index. ) and the ability to use all kinds of carbon sources. When urea was added with chloromethylpyridine, soil microbial AWCD value, carbon metabolism intensity, Shannon index, Simpson index, Mc Intosh index and Richness index were higher than those of urea alone. The results of cluster analysis showed that the application of urea and urea supplemented with chloromethylpyridine had a significant effect on the functional diversity of soil microbial communities, and the evenness index was lower than that of urea alone, and the results of cluster analysis showed that urea and urea supplemented with chloromethylpyridine had a significant effect on the functional diversity of soil microbial communities, and the evenness index of the treatments was lower than that of urea alone, and the results of cluster analysis showed that the application of urea and urea supplemented with chloromethylpyridine had a significant effect on the functional diversity of soil microbial communities. The addition of chloromethylpyridine increased the utilization of polymers, phenolic acids, carboxylic acids, amino acids and amines, and decreased the utilization of carbohydrates. The results showed that in the drip irrigation cotton field in arid area, urea added with chloromethyl pyridine could regulate the microecological environment of soil, improve the metabolic ability of soil microorganism and increase the functional diversity of microbial community to a certain extent. To alleviate the decrease of soil microbial activity caused by long-term application of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer.
【作者单位】： 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室/石河子大学农学院;污染环境修复与生态健康教育部重点实验室/浙江大学环境与资源学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41461064)资助~~
【分类号】：S154.3
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本文编号：1956874