黄土坡面水沙过程及水流阻力变化试验研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 00:08

本文选题：复杂地表 + 水沙过程　；参考：《泥沙研究》2017年05期

【摘要】：为明确复杂地表产流产沙规律及其与水流阻力的关系,采用间歇性人工模拟降雨实验,开展了黄土高原的裸坡、人工掏挖、鱼鳞坑、等高沟垄四种典型坡面在五场降雨条件下的水沙演化过程、阻力来源及阻力规律研究。结果表明:鱼鳞坑、人工掏挖两种措施均以降雨时间到达55 min为临界点,继续降雨则其蓄水拦沙的作用失效。各地表水流阻力均来源于降雨阻力、颗粒阻力、形态阻力的叠加。地表输沙率与水流阻力之间均表现出负相关,输沙率随水流阻力的增大而下降。鱼鳞坑、等高沟垄措施在一定的降雨历时范围内均具有显著的减流减沙效应,而较之鱼鳞坑,等高沟垄在延缓径流,控制侵蚀方面具有更好的效用。
[Abstract]:In order to clarify the regularity of runoff and sediment yield and its relationship with water flow resistance, intermittent artificial simulated rainfall experiments were carried out on bare slopes, artificial digging and fish scale pits on the Loess Plateau. The evolution process of water and sediment, resistance source and resistance law of four typical slopes under five rainfall fields were studied. The results showed that the critical point of rainfall time was 55 min in the fish-scale pit and artificial digging, and the effect of water and sediment retention was ineffective if the rainfall continued. The resistance of surface water flow comes from the superposition of rainfall resistance, particle resistance and morphological resistance. There is a negative correlation between the surface sediment transport rate and the flow resistance, and the sediment transport rate decreases with the increase of the water flow resistance. The measures of fish-scale pit and contour furrow have significant effect of reducing current and sediment in a certain range of rainfall duration, but compared with fish-scale pit, isobaric ridge has better effect in delaying runoff and controlling erosion.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院;重庆市万盛经济技术开发区水务局;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41671276) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项“黄土坡面土壤侵蚀过程及其机理研究”
【分类号】：S157.1

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