红壤小流域水土治理模式及其环境效益分析

发布时间：2018-05-31 12:34

本文选题：红壤小流域 + 水土保持　；参考：《江苏农业科学》2017年07期

【摘要】：江西省赣南地区是典型的南方水土流失易发丘陵山区,曾有"江南红色沙漠"之称,是南方红壤区水土流失最严重的地区之一,经过以小流域为单元的水土保持综合治理,生态环境明显改善。以江西省赣州市的3个红壤小流域为对象,通过调研、试验及监测,总结红壤小流域水土治理模式,分析其环境效益。总结出以前埂后沟+梯壁植草+反坡台地、竹节水平沟+乔+灌+草、坡面雨水集蓄、顶林-腰果-底谷立体治理、"封禁+补种+管护"生态修复治理等技术和措施为主的水土综合治理模式。通过对不同时期的小流域产流产沙分析表明,经水土治理,左马小流域侵蚀量大为减少,侵蚀强度从中度侵蚀下降为轻度侵蚀。对比分析2个小流域果园集水区发现,无水保措施的城源集水区侵蚀强度为极强烈侵蚀,而采取水保措施的东坑集水区为微度侵蚀,经果林+工程措施等治理措施能够明显调控径流泥沙,采取的现代坡地水土保持生态果园开发模式对溶解态面源污染中总磷含量的拦截率为40%、总氮含量的拦截率超过80%。
[Abstract]:Gannan region of Jiangxi Province is a typical southern hilly area prone to soil erosion. It was once known as the "Red Desert in the South of the Yangtze River" and was one of the most serious areas of soil and water loss in the red soil region of southern China. It has been comprehensively controlled by soil and water conservation with small watersheds as the unit. The ecological environment has improved markedly. Taking three small red soil basins in Ganzhou City of Jiangxi Province as the object the paper summarizes the soil and water control model of red soil small watershed through investigation test and monitoring and analyzes its environmental benefits. Summing up the former terrace of grass planting in ladder wall behind the ridge, horizontal furrow tree irrigation in bamboo node, Rain Water accumulation and storage on slope surface, Top forest cashew nut bottom valley stereoscopic treatment "forbidding and replanting management" ecological restoration and control technology and measures based on comprehensive water and soil control model. Through the analysis of runoff and sediment production in different periods of small watershed, it is shown that the erosion amount of Zoma small watershed is greatly reduced by soil and water treatment, and the erosion intensity is reduced from moderate erosion to mild erosion. By comparing and analyzing the orchard catchment area of two small watersheds, it is found that the intensity of erosion in the urban source catchment area without soil conservation measures is very strong, while that in Dongkeng catchment area where soil and water conservation measures are adopted is slight erosion. The control measures such as fruit forest engineering measures can obviously control runoff and sediment. The interception rate of total phosphorus content in dissolved non-point source pollution is 40, and the interception rate of total nitrogen content is more than 80 percent in modern sloping land soil and water conservation ecological orchard development model.
【作者单位】：江西省水土保持科学研究院;江西省土壤侵蚀与防治重点实验室;江西省水文局;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(编号:41501300) 水利部公益性行业科研专项(编号:201401051) “赣鄱英才555”工程项目江西省水利厅课题(编号:KT201213)
【分类号】：S157;X171.4

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