黄顶菊提取物和α-三噻吩对棉铃虫的杀虫活性

发布时间：2018-06-01 15:29

本文选题：黄顶菊 + 次生代谢物质　；参考：《山东农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：黄顶菊是入侵我国的一种入侵植物,2001年在我国河北省发现危害,目前已在河北、天津、山东和河南等省市扩散蔓延,破坏入侵地的生态环境和生物多样性。在缺少植食性昆虫取食的入侵地中,黄顶菊将更多的资源用于自身生长和繁殖。同时黄顶菊利用自身生物学特征和化感作用,影响土壤环境和本地植物生长,促进生态环境向着有利于进一步入侵的方向发展。黄顶菊体内的次生代谢物质在入侵和防御中起重要作用,从其体内分离得到的次生代谢物质有抗氧化、抗血栓、杀菌和除草等生物活性。目前黄顶菊的研究主要集中在入侵危害和生物学特征的研究,关于黄顶菊体内次生代谢物质的杀虫活性研究较少。本文研究了黄顶菊提取物对棉铃虫的生物活性,并测定了黄顶菊体内的α-三噻吩对棉铃虫的作用方式。黄顶菊次生代谢物质的提取采用浸泡法,用95%乙醇、乙酸乙酯和石油醚3种有机溶剂提取黄顶菊干粉和鲜样中的活性物质。拒食活性采用叶蝶法,触杀活性采用浸虫法,对生长发育的影响采用人工饲料混毒法,淀粉酶活性测定采用碘-淀粉比色法,脂肪酶活性测定采用比色法,总蛋白酶活性测定采用福林酚比色法。1、3种溶剂的6种提取物对幼虫的拒食活性差异显著,干粉乙醇提取物、干粉乙酸乙酯提取物和鲜样乙酸乙酯提取物的拒食活性较高,其24 h拒食率分别为50.49%、32.06%和41.63%,48 h拒食率分别为29.67%、14.58%和15.15%。2、黄顶菊干粉乙醇提取物、干粉乙酸乙酯提取物和鲜样乙酸乙酯提取物对棉铃虫生长发育有抑制作用。不同浓度的黄顶菊干粉乙醇提取物抑制幼虫体重增长,180、36和7.2 mg·mL-1(W/V)提取物3 d体重增长抑制率分别为51.44%、41.80%和35.15%,抑制幼虫化蛹率和成虫羽化率,成虫羽化率分别为43.70%、45.79%和50.09%,幼虫化蛹率分别为47.24%、56.95%和70.89%;处理3 d后,180 mg·mL-1干粉95%乙醇提取物抑制幼虫肠道内的淀粉酶、脂肪酶和总蛋白酶活性,其处理后的幼虫酶活性分别是对照的0.52、0.53和0.66倍。黄顶菊干粉乙酸乙酯提取物抑制幼虫体重增长、幼虫化蛹和成虫羽化,180、36和7.2 mg·mL-1提取物3 d体重增长抑制率分别为44.86%、37.45%和34.46%,成虫羽化率分别为47.22%、57.25%和76.50%,幼虫化蛹率分别为46.67%、67.29%和77.78%;处理3 d后,黄顶菊干粉乙酸乙酯180 mg·mL-1提取物抑制幼虫肠道内的淀粉酶活性、脂肪酶和总蛋白酶活性,其处理后的幼虫酶活性分别是对照的0.57、0.61和0.65倍。相较于干粉乙醇提取物和干粉乙酸乙酯提取物,黄顶菊鲜样乙酸乙酯提取物对棉铃虫生长发育的抑制作用较小,处理3 d后,500、100和20 mg·mL-1黄顶菊鲜样乙酸乙酯提取物对幼虫的体重抑制率分别为35.36%、30.45%和26.65%,幼虫化蛹率为74.44%、91.11%和96.67%,成虫羽化率为74.70%、73.35%和74.69%;对幼虫肠道酶的抑制作用也较低,500 mg·mL-1提取物处理3 d时,淀粉酶、脂肪酶和总蛋白酶活性分别是对照的0.68、0.87和0.90倍。3、α-三噻吩对棉铃虫的拒食活性和抑制生长发育的活性较高,对幼虫的胃毒活性相对较低,24 h选择性和非选择性拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为11.52 mg·L-1和12.26mg·L-1,1000、100和10 mg·L-1三噻吩溶液处理幼虫后,抑制幼虫体重增长,处理1 d的体重抑制率最高,为72.14%、63.07%和52.35%,1000和100 mg·L-1的三噻吩溶液延长幼虫发育天数1.37 d和1.51 d,蛹重较对照减轻53.07 g和47.41 g。同时,化蛹率和羽化率显著低于对照,化蛹率为53.35%和67.70%,羽化率为70.67%和69.95%。处理1d和3 d后,α-三噻吩对幼虫肠道内的淀粉酶和总蛋白酶活性影响不大,对脂肪酶活性抑制活性较大,处理1 d脂肪酶活性是对照的0.52倍。综上所述,黄顶菊提取物抑制棉铃虫幼虫取食,抑制幼虫体重增长和肠道内3种消化酶的活性,降低羽化率和化蛹率。黄顶菊体内的α-三噻吩对棉铃虫幼虫有拒食活性和抑制幼虫体重增长、延长幼虫发育天数、减轻蛹重和降低羽化率以及化蛹率的活性。
[Abstract]:Yellow roof is an invading plant in China. In 2001, it was found to be harmful in Hebei province. It has spread in Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong, Henan and other provinces and cities, destroying the ecological environment and biological diversity of the invading land. At the same time, by using its own biological characteristics and allelopathy, it affects the soil environment and the growth of local plants, and promotes the ecological environment to be beneficial to further invasion. The secondary metabolite in the body of the Yellow roof plays an important role in invasion and defense. The secondary metabolites isolated from the body are antioxidant and anti blood. Biological activities such as thrombolytic, bactericidal and weeding are mainly concentrated on the study of invasion and biological characteristics. There are few studies on the insecticidal activity of secondary metabolites in the body of yellow tetalus. This paper studied the biological activity of the extract from the extract to cotton bollworm, and determined the alpha three thiophene to the cotton bollworm. Method of action. Extraction of secondary metabolites of dietas was extracted by soaking method. The active substances in dry powder and fresh samples were extracted with 95% ethanol, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether in 3 kinds of organic solvents. The antifeedant activity was used by leaf butterfly method, the touch activity was used by dipping method, and the effect of artificial feed was used for the growth and development, and the activity of amylase was determined. The lipase activity was determined by colorimetric method with iodine starch colorimetry. The total protease activity of the 6 extracts of the 6 solvents of the foliolol colorimetric method was significantly different in the antifeedant activity of the larvae. The antifeedant activity of the dry powder ethanol extract, the ethyl acetate extract of dry powder and the fresh ethyl acetate extract were higher, and the 24 h antifeedant rate of the extracts of the dry powder was higher. The antifeedant rates of 50.49%, 32.06% and 41.63% and 48 h were 29.67%, 14.58% and 15.15%.2 respectively. The ethanol extracts of dried yellow dianvia, ethyl acetate extract of dry powder and fresh ethyl acetate extract inhibited the growth and development of Helicoverpa armigera. The ethanol extracts from different concentrations of dianvia inhibited the growth of the larvae, 180,36 and 7.2 mg. ML-1 (W/V). The growth inhibition rate of 3 D of the extract was 51.44%, 41.80% and 35.15% respectively. The larvae pupation rate and adult emergence rate were inhibited, the adult emergence rates were 43.70%, 45.79% and 50.09% respectively, and the larvae pupation rates were 47.24%, 56.95% and 70.89%, respectively. After processing 3 D, 180 mg. ML-1 powder 95% ethanol extract inhibited the amylase, lipase and total in the intestinal tract of the larvae. The enzyme activity of the protease was 0.52,0.53 and 0.66 times as much as that of the control. The ethyl acetate extract from the dry powder of the Yellow divia inhibited the growth of the larvae, the larvae pupation and the adult feathering, and the growth inhibition rate of the 180,36 and the 7.2 mg. ML-1 extract 3 D, respectively, 44.86%, 37.45% and 34.46%, and the adult emergence rate of 47.22%, 57.25%, respectively. 76.50%, the larvae pupation rates were 46.67%, 67.29% and 77.78%, respectively. After the treatment of 3 D, the ethyl acetate 180 mg mL-1 extracts from the dried yellow dianja dry powder inhibited the amylase activity, lipase and total protease activity in the larval intestine. The enzyme activity of the larvae after treatment was 0.57,0.61 and 0.65 times as much as the control. Compared with dry powder ethanol extract and dry powder acetic acid, The inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate extract and ethyl acetate extract on the growth and development of Helicoverpa armigera was smaller. After 3 D treatment, the weight inhibition rate of ethyl acetate extracts of 500100 and 20 mg mL-1 dimethyl acetate on larvae was 35.36%, 30.45% and 26.65% respectively, and the larvae pupation rate was 74.44%, 91.11% and 96.67%, and the adult emergence rate was 74.70%, 73.35%. And 74.69%, the inhibitory effect on the intestinal enzyme of the larvae was also low. When the 500 mg. ML-1 extract treated 3 D, the activity of amylase, lipase and total protease were 0.68,0.87 and 0.90 times.3 respectively. The antifeedant activity and inhibition of growth and development of the alpha three thiophene on the cotton bollworm were higher, and the gastric toxicity to the larvae was relatively low, and 24 h selectivity and non. The concentration of selective antifeedant (AFC50) was 11.52 mg / L-1 and 12.26mg L-11000100 and 10 mg. L-1 three thiophene respectively. The weight growth of the larvae was inhibited and the weight inhibition rate of 1 D was the highest, and 72.14%, 63.07% and 52.35%, 1000 and 100 mg L-1 three thiophene extended the larvae development days 1.37 D and 1.51 D, the pupa weight was compared to the control While reducing 53.07 g and 47.41 g., the pupation rate and the emergence rate were significantly lower than those of the control, the pupation rate was 53.35% and 67.70%, the emergence rate was 70.67% and the 69.95%. treatment 1D and 3 D, the alpha three thiophene had little effect on the amylase and total protease activity in the larva's intestines, and the activity of lipase inhibition was greater, and the activity of 1 D lipase was 0.52. To sum up, the extract of chrycechrysin inhibited the feeding of the larvae of cotton bollworm, inhibited the growth of the larvae and the activity of 3 digestive enzymes in the intestines, reduced the emergence rate and the pupation rate. The alpha three thiophene in the chrysalis was antifeedant to the larvae of cotton bollworm and inhibited the growth of the larvae weight, extended the number of larval development, reduced the pupal weight and reduced the emergence rate of the larvae. And the activity of the pupation rate.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S433.4

【参考文献】