不同寄主对异迟眼蕈蚊生物学参数及体内保护酶活性影响的研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 05:41

本文选题：异迟眼蕈蚊 + 百合科植物　；参考：《甘肃农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：异迟眼蕈蚊是一种为害百合科植物的重要害虫,严重威胁着韭菜、大葱、大蒜和兰州百合的可持续生产。本研究通过人工气候箱饲养和观察,建立异迟眼蕈蚊在不同百合科寄主上的实验种群生命表,统计了异迟眼蕈蚊幼虫发育历期、存活率、成虫寿命、平均单雌产卵量等参数,并估算了实验种群参数:内禀增长率rm、平均世代周期T、净增殖率R0、周限增长率λ和种群加倍时间t。初步筛选出了抗异迟眼蕈蚊韭菜品种,同时对异迟眼蕈蚊取食不同抗性韭菜后其体内3种保护酶活性的变化进行了系统分析。得到如下结论:1探讨了异迟眼蕈蚊在4种主要百合科蔬菜上的生长发育及繁殖规律异迟眼蕈蚊在百合科寄主植物韭菜、大葱、兰州百合和大蒜(蒜茎和蒜瓣)上,均能完成生长发育,但不同种类及生长期的寄主对异迟眼蕈蚊幼虫的发育历期和存活率存在显著影响。有利于幼虫生长发育和存活的寄主植物,对成虫的产卵也有利;反之亦然。本研究结果证实:异迟眼蕈蚊幼虫期取食不同寄主是影响其生殖力的重要因子,说明增加异迟眼蕈蚊幼虫期的防治措施可规避寄主植物减产的风险,为虫情调查、虫情测报以及综合防治等有一定的参考价值。内禀增长率和净增殖率是反映种群在特定环境下数量增长潜能的一个重要指标,也可从侧面反映昆虫对寄主植物的适应度和嗜食性。异迟眼蕈蚊在韭菜、百合、大葱、蒜瓣、蒜茎上的内禀增长率rm分别为0.19、0.09、0.14、0.08、0.10;而净增殖率R0分别为32.96、7.39、23.51、7.3、8.01。因此,异迟眼蕈蚊对寄主植物的适应度和嗜食性以韭菜最好,确定韭菜为百合科植物中的易感植物。2明晰了异迟眼蕈蚊在20个韭菜品种上的种群增长趋势异迟眼蕈蚊在供试韭菜品种上均可完成生长发育和繁殖,但幼虫发育历期、成虫寿命、繁殖力、净增值率和内禀增长率等参数在20个韭菜品种上表现出一定的差异。不同韭菜品种上异迟眼蕈蚊雌虫寿命高于雄虫寿命,并且平均单雌产卵量的高低与雌虫寿命的长短呈正相关;此外当平均单雌产卵量较高时,其各虫态的存活率亦较高。故较为典型的品种为‘万源汉中冬韭一号’和‘平韭二号’,雌虫寿命分别为2.18 d和2.44 d,平均单雌产卵量分别为56.00粒和101.25粒;卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫的存活率在‘万源汉中冬韭一号’上依次为62%、32%、25%和25%,而在‘平韭二号’上依次为100%、85%、82%和80%。通过对内禀增长率的统计,‘平韭二号’最高为0.22,‘万源汉中冬韭一号’最低为0.07,而其他各韭菜品种上内禀增长率介于之间。因此,异迟眼蕈蚊的适应性和嗜食性在‘平韭二号’最强,导致为害严重;而在‘万源汉中冬韭一号’最弱,造成为害较轻。虽然本研究仅是在实验室条件下,通过室内分析和研究,但为韭菜生产提供一定的科学依据。3评价了20个韭菜品种对异迟眼蕈蚊的抗性差异异迟眼蕈蚊对20个韭菜品种为害程度存在明显差异,通过对异迟眼蕈蚊在不同韭菜品种上发育历期、成虫寿命和繁殖力、存活率、净增殖率和内禀增长率等参数的科学分析,据此筛选出‘万源汉中冬韭一号’是异迟眼蕈蚊为害较弱的韭菜品种,按照植物抗虫性机制,由此可推断‘万源汉中冬韭一号’对异迟眼蕈蚊的抗性较强,‘万源紫根宽叶王’次之。因此,在韭菜种植过程中选择上述两品种,在理论上可有效避免其为害程度,同时降低药物防治。4测定了不同抗性韭菜对异迟眼蕈蚊体内保护酶活性的影响20个韭菜品种对异迟眼蕈蚊表现出不同程度的抗性,本研究结果显示,随着不同韭菜品种对异迟眼蕈蚊抗性程度的减弱,即沿着由高抗‘万源汉中冬韭一号’、中抗‘宽马莲韭菜’、低抗韭菜‘冀研小韭园’到对照‘平韭二号’的顺序,异迟眼蕈蚊体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性均表现为增强。说明抗性强的韭菜品种使异迟眼蕈蚊体内产生大量的自由基,但虫体内的SOD、POD和CAT的活性受损严重,无法维持自由基的动态平衡;而抗性弱的韭菜品种虽然使幼虫体内产生了自由基,但SOD、POD和CAT的活性未被破坏,保护酶系统被启动,从而清除了体内多余的自由基。
[Abstract]:Mycosis muscaris is an important pest of Liliaceae, which seriously threatens the sustainable production of leek, onion, garlic and Lanzhou lily. This study established the life table of the experimental population on the host of Different Lily families by feeding and observing the artificial climate box. Rate, adult life, average female egg production parameters, and estimated the experimental population parameters: intrinsic growth rate RM, average generation cycle T, net proliferation rate R0, cycle limit growth rate [lambda] and population doubling time T. preliminarily screened leek varieties with anti late eye mushroom, and 3 kinds of protective enzyme activities in the body of different late eye mushrooms after eating different resistant leeks. The following conclusions were made: 1 the following conclusions were obtained: 1 the growth and development of 4 species of Liliaceae vegetables were discussed. The growth and reproduction of the mycosis muscara were found in the host plant of the lily family, the onion, the Lanzhou Lily and garlic (garlic stem and garlic). The developmental duration and survival rate of the larvae of mycosis fungoides were significantly affected. The host plants that were beneficial to the growth and survival of the larvae were also beneficial to the egg production of the adult; the results of this study confirmed that the larvae stage of the larvae of mycosis mycosis was an important factor affecting its reproductive capacity, indicating an increase in the larval stage of the late eye mushroom. The prevention and control measures can avoid the risk of reducing the yield of host plants. It has some reference value for insect survey, insect survey and comprehensive prevention and control. The intrinsic growth rate and net proliferation rate are an important index to reflect the population growth potential in a specific environment, and can also reflect insects on the host plant adaptation and eophagy from the side. The intrinsic growth rate of RM in leek, lily, onion, garlic and garlic stem was 0.19,0.09,0.14,0.08,0.10, and the net proliferation rate of R0 was 32.96,7.39,23.51,7.3,8.01., respectively. The adaptability and eophagy of the late eye mushroom to the host plant was the best, and the.2 for the susceptible plants of the Liliaceae was clearly distinct. The population growth of late mycosis mycosis in 20 leek varieties can complete growth and reproduction on the tested leek varieties, but the larval development period, adult life, fecundity, net value added rate and intrinsic rate of growth show certain differences on 20 leek varieties. The life span of the female is higher than the longevity of the male, and the average female egg production is positively correlated with the length of female life. In addition, the survival rate of each insect is higher when the average female egg production is higher. Therefore, the typical varieties are 'Wanyuan Hanzhoung winter leek one' and 'flat leek two', and the female's life span is 2.18 D and 2.44 D, respectively. Eggs, larvae, pupae and adult were 56 and 101.25 eggs, respectively, and the survival rates of eggs, larvae, pupae and adults were 62%, 32%, 25% and 25% on "Wanyuan Hanzhoung winter chives one", while on 'flat chives two' were 100%, 85%, 82% and 80%., the highest of 'Ping chives two' was 0.22, and 'Wanyuan winter leek No. 1', "Wanyuan Hanzhoung winter leek '." The lowest intrinsic rate of growth was between 0.07 and the other varieties of leek. Therefore, the adaptability and eophagy of mycosis mycosis was strongest in 'Ping Chiu two', causing serious damage, and the weakest in 'Wanyuan Hanzhoung winter leek', which was less harmful. Although this study was only under laboratory conditions, it was analyzed and studied indoors. In order to provide scientific basis for the production of leek.3, the resistance of 20 leek varieties to mycosis fungoides was evaluated. There were significant differences in the degree of damage to 20 leek varieties. The life and reproductive capacity, survival rate, net proliferation rate and intrinsic growth rate of the adult mycosis fungoides in different varieties of Chinese chive, the adult life and reproductive capacity, the survival rate, the rate of net proliferation, and the intrinsic rate of growth were found. According to the scientific analysis of the parameters, the "Wanyuan Hanzhoung winter leek one" was selected as the weak mycosis fungoides. According to the plant resistance mechanism, the resistance of "Wanyuan Hanzhoung winter chives one" to the mycosis fungoides was stronger, and the "Wanyuan purple root wide leaf king" was the second. Two varieties, in theory, could effectively avoid its damage, and reduce the effect of.4 on the protective enzyme activity of different resistant leek to mycosis muscara. 20 varieties of leek showed different degrees of resistance to mycosis fungoides. The results showed that the resistance degree of different leek varieties to mycosis fungoides was with different varieties of Chinese chive. In addition, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in the body of mycosis fungoides were enhanced in the order of high resistance "Wanyuan Hanzhoung winter leek No. 1", middle resistant leek leek, low resistance leek 'Ji Yan Xiao chives Garden' to "flat chives two". The species produced a large number of free radicals in the body of mycosis fungoides, but the activity of SOD, POD and CAT in the insect was severely damaged, and the dynamic balance of free radicals could not be maintained; while the weak resistant leek breeds produced free radicals in the larvae, but the activity of SOD, POD and CAT was not broken, and the protective enzyme system was started, thus clearing the excess in the body. Free radicals.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S433

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