坡度对农业耕作措施水土保持作用的影响

发布时间：2018-06-05 06:33

本文选题：产流产沙 + 土壤侵蚀　；参考：《水土保持学报》2017年03期

【摘要】：农业耕作措施是水土保持三大措施之一,在坡耕地水土保持中起关键作用。利用人工模拟降雨试验方法,对不同坡度条件下农业耕作措施水土保持作用进行了研究。农业耕作措施包括等高耕作、人工掏挖和人工锄耕,以平整坡面为对照措施;降雨试验在长4m,宽1m的径流小区完成;坡度为5°,10°,15°,20°,25°;降雨强度为1,1.5,2mm/min。结果表明:与平整坡面相比,等高耕作、人工掏挖和人工锄耕分别减小产流量38.19%,32.25%和15.84%;减小产沙量均在50%以上,说明农业耕作措施具有明显的水土保持作用。通过对坡度与产流量、产沙量关系分析表明,在耕作坡面,坡度会影响产流量,但是大坡度与小坡度之间差异不显著。相反,坡度对产沙量具有显著影响,在小坡度条件下,产沙量受坡度的影响较小。当坡度大于15°后,坡度每增加1°,等高耕作、人工掏挖和人工锄耕耕作措施保土作用平均降低3.08%,4.74%和7.61%。回归分析表明产沙量与坡度之间存在指数函数关系。可见,坡度对农业耕作措施保水作用和保土作用的影响不同。
[Abstract]:Agricultural farming is one of the three measures of soil and water conservation, which plays a key role in soil and water conservation of sloping land. The effects of agricultural tillage measures on soil and water conservation under different slope conditions were studied by artificial simulated rainfall test method. The agricultural tillage measures include equal height tillage, manual digging and manual hoe tillage, with flat slope as control measure; rainfall experiment was completed in a runoff plot of 4 m long and 1 m wide; the slope was 5 掳10 掳10 掳15 掳15 掳15 掳20 掳20 掳25 掳; and the rainfall intensity was 11 1. 5 mm / min. The results showed that compared with leveling slope, the yield and discharge of equal height tillage, manual digging and manual hoe tillage were reduced by 38.19% and 15.84%, respectively, and the sediment yield was reduced by more than 50%, which indicated that agricultural tillage measures had obvious soil and water conservation effects. Based on the analysis of the relationship between slope and runoff and sediment yield, it is found that the slope will affect the yield and discharge on the tilling slope, but there is no significant difference between the large slope and the small slope. On the contrary, the slope has a significant effect on the sediment yield, and under the condition of small slope, the effect of the slope on the sediment yield is relatively small. When the slope was greater than 15 掳, the soil conservation effect of manual digging and manual hoe tillage decreased by 3.08% 4.74% and 7.61% respectively for each increase of 1 掳slope, and the soil conservation effect of manual digging and manual hoe tillage was 3.08% and 7.61% respectively. Regression analysis shows that there is an exponential function relationship between sediment yield and slope. It can be seen that the effects of slope on water conservation and soil conservation are different.
【作者单位】：贵州大学林学院;西北农林科技大学资源环境学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41601293) 贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础[2016]1027,黔科合[2016]支撑2835号) 贵州省教育厅青年科技人才成长项目(黔教合KY字[2016]114)
【分类号】：S157

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