沟垄二元覆盖对渭北旱塬区土壤肥力及玉米产量的影响

发布时间：2018-06-05 06:57

本文选题：沟垄二元覆盖 + 土壤养分　；参考：《土壤学报》2017年05期

【摘要】：探讨沟垄二元覆盖对旱地土壤肥力及作物生产力的影响,对完善半湿润区作物微集水栽培技术具有重要的理论和实践意义。2007—2011年在渭北旱塬进行5年定位试验,设置垄上覆地膜,沟内分别覆普通地膜、生物降解膜、玉米秸秆、液体地膜和沟不覆盖等不同沟垄覆盖模式,以传统平作为对照。结果表明,2011年春玉米收获后各处理土壤有机质及速效养分含量随土层的加深而降低,与2007年试验处理前相比,沟垄二元覆盖各处理土壤养分含量明显增加,而垄覆地膜+沟不覆盖和传统平作处理有所下降。垄覆地膜沟覆秸秆处理0~20 cm层土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均显著高于对照,垄覆地膜沟覆地膜和垄覆地膜沟覆生物降解膜处理有机质和碱解氮含量较对照有所增加,而其有效磷和速效钾含量显著增加。20~60 cm层土壤有机质和速效养分含量各沟垄二元覆盖处理均略高于对照。各沟垄覆盖处理表层(0~20 cm)土壤脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性均较对照增加,且以垄覆地膜沟覆秸秆处理土壤酶活性最高,垄覆地膜沟覆生物降解膜和垄覆地膜沟覆地膜处理次之。垄覆地膜沟覆生物降解膜、垄覆地膜沟覆地膜和垄覆地膜沟覆秸秆处理较对照显著增产41.1%、42.1%、39.3%,水分利用效率显著提高38.0%、39.6%、37.0%。在渭北旱塬区进行沟垄二元覆盖对提高土壤肥力、酶活性及春玉米产量和水分利用效率有显著提高作用,以垄覆地膜沟覆秸秆处理最佳,垄覆地膜沟覆地膜和垄覆地膜沟覆生物降解膜次之。可见,垄覆地膜沟覆地膜、生物降解膜或秸秆的沟垄全覆盖种植在渭北旱塬雨养农业区春玉米生产栽培具有一定的可行性和应用价值。
[Abstract]:The effects of furrow and ridge dualistic mulching on soil fertility and crop productivity in dryland were discussed. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to improve the cultivation technique of crop microcatchment in semi-humid area. A 5-year localizing experiment was conducted in Weibei dryland from 2007-2011. Different furrow mulching patterns were set up, such as covered ridges with plastic film, biodegradable film, corn straw, liquid mulching film and non-covered furrow, respectively. Traditional flat was used as control. The results showed that the content of soil organic matter and available nutrients decreased with the deepening of soil layer after spring maize harvest in 2011. Compared with the experiment treatment in 2007, the soil nutrient content of the treatments covered with furrows and ridges increased obviously. But the ridges covered with plastic film and the traditional treatments decreased. The contents of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer treated by furrow covered with plastic film and straw were significantly higher than those of the control. The contents of organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in the treatments of ridge-covered film and furrow covered film and biodegradable film were higher than those of the control group. The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium increased significantly in soil organic matter and available nutrients in the soil layer of .20 ~ 60cm. The contents of organic matter and available nutrients in each furrow and ridge mulching treatment were slightly higher than those in the control. The activities of urease, phosphatase and sucrase in each furrow mulching treatment were higher than those in the control, and the soil enzyme activity was the highest in furrow mulching treatment, followed by biodegradable film and furrow mulching film treatment. The biodegradable film covered with plastic film, film covered with plastic film and straw were significantly increased by 41.1% and 42.1% respectively, and the water use efficiency was significantly increased by 38.0% (39.6%) and 37.0% (P < 0.05). Dualistic mulching of furrows and ridges in Weibei dryland had a significant effect on improving soil fertility, enzyme activity, yield and water use efficiency of spring maize, and the best treatment was furrow mulching with furrow covered with ridges and mulches. Furrow covered with plastic film and furrow covered with biodegradable film. It can be seen that it is feasible and valuable to cover the ridges with plastic film, biodegradable film or straw in spring maize production and cultivation in the rain-fed agricultural area of Weibei dryland.
【作者单位】：宁夏大学农学院;西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院;农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31301280) 国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD29B03)资助~~
【分类号】：S158.3;S513

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