武汉设施菜地土壤磷素变化及其影响因素的研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 11:16

本文选题：设施菜地 + 土壤磷　；参考：《武汉理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：设施蔬菜种植是缓解城乡居民冬春蔬菜供应不足、城郊人多地少等矛盾的重要途径。设施菜地受环境条件和不科学的管理等因素作用强烈,土壤化学、生物等过程往往不同于自然条件下的土壤。本研究以武汉城郊设施菜地土壤为对象,采用实地取样分析和室内模拟实验相结合的方法,分析了不同地域、设施年限、轮作模式等条件下设施菜地土壤磷素变化及垂直分布规律,研究了不同环境条件对土壤磷素变化的影响,比较了典型环境条件对土壤磷素影响的作用大小。取得的主要进展有:(1)实地采样结果显示,武汉城郊土壤磷素水平处于轻度富集状态,近郊和远郊样区设施菜地土壤Olsen-P和MBP平均含量均高于露天菜地土壤,且远郊Olsen-P和MBP含量变化差异比近郊的突出;近郊设施土壤磷素变化随设施年限延长总体上呈增加趋势,土壤TP从设施1年的1.92 g/kg增加到设施20年的2.99 g/kg,Olsen-P含量在三个采样时间均明显增加,MBP含量有一定程度的增加,土壤Olsen-P和MBP含量的变化趋势均以5年设施年限为转折点;“空心菜-大蒜”和“空心菜-芹菜”两种轮作模式相比,在2011年12月前者的Olsen-P平均含量比后者的要低7.93 mg/kg,而在2012年04月和2012年12月则是前者分别高出后者23.21%和40.62%,MBP的含量变化规律恰好相反。(2)以Tiessen磷分级组分来看,设施菜地土壤各组分中以无机磷为主(占TP的72.94%以上),有机磷仅占22.65%以下。设施菜地土壤磷以中等活性磷为主(平均为85.36%),其次为活性磷(平均为9.32%),稳定态磷含量最低(仅占TP的5.32%);而且随设施年限延长,中等活性无机磷C.HCl-Pi和Residual-P有向有效性较高形态(主要是NaHCO3-P组分)转化的趋势。(3)设施土壤与露天土壤的TP、Olsen-P和MBP均随土层加深呈下降趋势,在0~40cm耕层内设施土壤磷素含量均高于露天菜地,Olsen-P的下迁止于60cm的土层,而MBP含量在40 cm以下基本稳定。(4)室内模拟试验结果显示,土壤MBP随温度升高而明显升高,Olsen-P和CaCl2-P均在10℃条件下最高,温度条件对土壤MBP影响最大;无机态NaOH-Pi随温度降低而降低,而D.HCl-Pi、C.HCl-Pi和Residual-P却随温度降低而增加。设施土壤pH 6.89时其MBP含量最高,而Olsen-P含量却最低,pH达到5.30时Olsen-P含量最高,CaCl2-P则随pH升高而明显降低。土壤酸化能使C.HCl-Po向有效性更高的Resin-P及NaHCO3-P组分转化,而土壤pH增加则能促进残留态磷转为无机态磷。轻度盐化设施土壤MBP含量最高,培养25 d后土壤Olsen-P随盐化程度加重而增加;设施土壤盐化程度加重可提升土壤NaHCO3-Pi和NaOH-Po占全磷的比例,而降低NaHCO3-Po、NaOH-Pi和C.HCl-Po的比例。(5)正交实验结果显示,pH因素对土壤磷素含量的影响最大,其次是温度和碳种类,且均达显著性(P0.05),影响程度最小的因素为湿度和磷种类水平。磷素的分级中,pH因素对无机磷组分的影响最大,而对有机磷组分的影响最小,温度对无机磷组分影响仅次于pH因素;碳种类和碳种类与湿度交互对有机磷的影响最大,其次是温度和磷种类因素。
[Abstract]:Vegetable planting is an important way to alleviate the shortage of the urban and rural residents in winter and spring, and the urban suburb people are more and less. It is strongly influenced by environmental conditions and unscientific management. The process of soil chemistry and biology is often different from the soil under natural conditions. This study is based on the soil of vegetable land in the suburb of Wuhan. Using the method of field sampling analysis and indoor simulation experiment, the variation and vertical distribution of soil phosphorus in vegetable soil under the conditions of different regions, facilities and rotation were analyzed. The effects of different environmental conditions on soil phosphorus changes were studied, and the effects of the canonical environment on soil phosphorus were compared. The main progress made were as follows: (1) the results of field sampling showed that the soil phosphorus level in the suburb of Wuhan was slightly enriched, the average content of Olsen-P and MBP in the vegetable soil in the suburb and the outskirts was higher than that in the open vegetable soil, and the variation of Olsen-P and MBP content in the outskirts was more prominent than that in the suburb; the changes of phosphorus in the suburban facilities with the facilities were with the facilities. As a whole, the extension of the years was increasing, and the soil TP increased from 1.92 g/kg in 1 years to 2.99 g/kg in 20 years. The content of Olsen-P was increased in three sampling times, the content of MBP increased to a certain extent. The change trend of soil Olsen-P and MBP content was the turning point of the 5 year facility limit; "cabbage - garlic" and "empty cabbage" The average Olsen-P content of the former was 7.93 mg/kg lower than that of the latter in December 2011, compared with the two rotation models of celery, while in 04 months and December 2012 2012, the former was 23.21% and 40.62% higher respectively, and the change of the content of MBP was the opposite. (2) the inorganic soil components in the facility vegetable soil were found to be inorganic. Phosphorus is the main (more than 72.94% of TP), and organophosphorus is only less than 22.65%. The soil phosphorus in vegetable land is mainly medium active phosphorus (average 85.36%), followed by active phosphorus (average 9.32%), stable phosphorus content is the lowest (only 5.32% of TP), and the medium active inorganic phosphorus C.HCl-Pi and Residual-P have higher direction of availability with the installation years. Mainly the trend of transformation of NaHCO3-P component). (3) the TP, Olsen-P and MBP of both the facilities and the open soil declined with the soil layer deepening, and the phosphorus content in the facility soil in the 0~40cm plough layer was higher than the open vegetable soil, the Olsen-P was moved down to the soil layer of 60cm, and the MBP content was basically stable below 40 cm. (4) indoor simulation test results showed soil The soil MBP increased with temperature, Olsen-P and CaCl2-P were the highest at 10 C, and the effect of temperature on soil MBP was the greatest. Inorganic NaOH-Pi decreased with the decrease of temperature, while D.HCl-Pi, C.HCl-Pi and Residual-P increased with the decrease of temperature. The MBP content was the highest when the facility soil pH was 6.89, but the Olsen-P content was the lowest and pH reached 5.30. The content of Olsen-P was the highest and CaCl2-P decreased with the increase of pH. Soil acidification could convert C.HCl-Po to the higher Resin-P and NaHCO3-P components, while the increase of soil pH could promote the conversion of residual phosphorus to inorganic phosphorus. The soil MBP content was highest in the mild salinization facility, and the soil Olsen-P increased with the degree of salinity after 25 D; Increasing soil salinity could increase the proportion of soil NaHCO3-Pi and NaOH-Po to total phosphorus, while reducing the proportion of NaHCO3-Po, NaOH-Pi and C.HCl-Po. (5) the orthogonal experiment showed that the influence of pH factors on soil phosphorus content was the most, followed by temperature and carbon species, and both were significant (P0.05), and the factors affecting the least degree were humidity and phosphorus species. In class level, pH factors have the greatest influence on the inorganic phosphorus components, while the influence on organophosphorus components is the smallest. The effect of temperature on the inorganic phosphorus components is second only to the pH factor; the influence of carbon species and carbon species and humidity on organophosphorus is the greatest, followed by temperature and phosphorus species.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S626;S153.6

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