施用猪粪堆肥条件下复合接种土壤生物对红壤的培肥效应研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 20:06

本文选题：猪粪 + 红壤　；参考：《南京农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国农村长期以来大量焚烧秸秆以及农村的猪粪处理不当,这些不仅造成环境的污染,而且造成土壤肥力的下降。而猪粪和秸秆堆置成有机肥施入土壤,可以改善土壤结构和提高土壤肥力。大量的研究表明,土壤有益生物如蚯蚓、线虫能够通过与其它土壤生物之间的相互作用影响土壤的理化性质和生物学特性,并且也能够通过它们自身的生命活动影响土壤的理化性质和生物学特性。溶磷性细菌能够将土壤中有效性差、难以被植物利用的难溶性磷解吸出来,因此在土壤生态系统中具有重要地位。由于我国南方旱地红壤肥力退化严重以及红壤的生态功能严重退化,因此本研究正是基于这一现状进行野外长期定位试验研究,探索利用猪粪堆肥条件下接种土壤生物的方式培肥土壤以及提高作物产量。本文探讨了线虫、蚯蚓和溶磷性细菌的功能及其之间的相互作用对红壤性状、作物生长及作物产量的影响,旨在阐明蚯蚓、线虫和溶磷性细菌在红壤生态功能恢复中的作用,以此为旱地红壤的生物培肥技术提供科学依据。本研究的试验地点位于中国科学院江西鹰潭红壤生态试验站,田间设置的处理包括:CK(化肥)、RO(猪粪堆肥)、R(堆肥加化肥)、RN(堆肥加化肥加线虫)、RE(堆肥加化肥加蚯蚓)、RP(堆肥加化肥加溶磷菌)、RNE(堆肥加化肥加蚯蚓和线虫)、RNP(堆肥加化肥加线虫和溶磷菌)、REP(堆肥加化肥加蚯蚓和溶磷菌)、RNEP(堆肥加化肥加蚯蚓线虫和溶磷菌),在花生开花期和收获期采样,红薯的分支结薯期、薯块膨大期和收获期采样,研究不同培肥措施对土壤微生物群落、土壤的生物学性质、土壤养分以及作物产量的影响。研究结果如下:1.在猪粪堆肥条件下接种土壤生物能够很好的增加线虫、蚯蚓的定殖。无论花生季还是红薯季,单独接种溶磷菌和复合接种土壤生物都能使溶磷细菌更好的定殖。在猪粪堆肥基础上接种土壤生物,也增加了土壤细菌、真菌、革兰氏阴性菌、革兰氏阳性菌和放线菌的PLFAs含量。2.不同的作物系统下,与R相比,接种土壤生物均能提高土壤微生物群落总体活性,随着采样时间的不同,单独接种土壤生物与复合接种土壤生物对微生物活性的影响不同。另外对不同碳源利用分析表明:无论是花生季还是红薯季,接种土壤生物与其对照R相比均增强了对碳源的利用,说明接种生物的处理提高了土壤微生物活性。接种生物改变了土壤微生物群落结构,在同一季度内,虽然接种生物的处理与R相比降低了真菌/细菌PLFAs的比例,但是接种生物的处理却提高了细菌、真菌、革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性菌PLFAs的含量,其中复合接种土壤生物的处理效果较显著(P0.05)。3.无论是花生季还是红薯季,猪粪堆肥基础上接种土壤生物均可以显著增加土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性。而对土壤基础呼吸的影响,单独接种土壤生物的处理效果不显著,复合接种土壤生物的处理RNEP效果较显著(P0.05)。4.各作物系统中,接种生物处理RNP对有机质提升效果最显著,RNE和RNEP对速效磷含量增加效果最为显著,RE对速效钾含量提升最为显著(P0.05)。接种生物的处理均能显著促进作物根系的生长(根长、根面积、根体积和根尖数)(P0.05),其中复合接种土壤生物的处理RNEP效果最为显著。并且接种生物处理对花生产量均有一定的增产作用,但只有RP和RNE效果显著,但是只有复合接种生物的处理RNEP对红薯产量的增产有显著性效果。
[Abstract]:A large amount of straw burning and pig manure in rural areas have been mishandled for a long time in our country. These not only cause environmental pollution, but also cause the decline of soil fertility. The soil structure and soil fertility can be improved by the placement of pig manure and straw into the soil by organic manure. A large number of studies have shown that soil beneficial organisms such as earthworms and nematodes can be used. The interaction between the soil and other soil organisms affects the physical and chemical properties and biological properties of the soil, and it can also influence the physical and chemical properties and biological properties of the soil through their own life activities. Because of the serious degradation of the red soil and the serious degradation of the ecological function of red soil in the south of China, this study is based on this situation to study the long-term field location test, and explore the way to fertilize the soil and improve the crop yield under the condition of inoculation of soil raw materials under the condition of pig manure. The effects of the functions of nematodes, earthworms and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on the characters of red soil, crop growth and crop yield were discussed in this paper. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of earthworms, nematodes and phosphate soluble bacteria in the restoration of the ecological function of red soil, so as to provide a scientific basis for the technology of Fertility Cultivation in dry red soil. Located at the Yingtan red soil ecological test station, Jiangxi, China Academy of Sciences, the treatment of the field includes: CK (chemical fertilizer), RO (pig manure composting), R (composting plus fertilizer), RN (composting plus fertilizer adding worm), RE (composting plus fertilizer adding earthworms), RP (composting plus chemical fertilizer adding phosphate bacteria), RNE (composting plus fertilizer adding worms and nematodes), RNP (composting plus fertilizer adding line worms and dissolving) Phosphorus bacteria, REP (compost plus fertilizer plus earthworms and phosphate solubilizing bacteria), RNEP (composting and fertilizer plus earthworm and phosphate solubilizing bacteria), sampling in the flowering and harvest period of peanuts, the branch tuber period of the sweet potato, the expansion period and the harvest period of the sweet potato, study the soil microbiological community, the soil biological properties, the soil nutrient and the crop yield. The results are as follows: 1. inoculation of soil organisms under the condition of pig manure can increase the nematode, the colonization of earthworms. Both peanut and sweet potato season, inoculating phosphate solubilizing bacteria and compound inoculating soil organisms can make the phosphate solubilizing bacteria better colonization. The inoculation of soil organisms on the basis of pig manure compost also increases the soil fines. Under different crop systems of bacteria, fungi, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and Actinomycetes with different PLFAs content.2., compared with R, inoculation of soil organisms can improve the overall activity of soil microbial community. With the different sampling time, the effects of soil organisms and composite soil organisms on microbial activity are different with the sampling time. The use of different carbon sources showed that the inoculation of soil organisms increased the use of carbon sources compared to their control R in peanut and sweet potato seasons, indicating that inoculation organisms improved soil microbial activity. Inoculation organisms changed soil microbial community structure in the same quarter, although inoculated biological treatment was lower than that of R. The proportion of fungi / bacteria PLFAs was lower, but the treatment of inoculating organisms increased the content of bacteria, fungi, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and the treatment effect of the compound inoculated soil organisms was significant (P0.05).3., whether the peanut season or the sweet potato season, the inoculation of soil organisms on the base of the pig manure base could significantly increase the soil. The activity of sugarcane sugar enzyme, urease and acid phosphatase in soil was not significant. The effect of inoculation of soil organisms alone was not significant, and the effect of RNEP on soil biological treatment was significant (P0.05).4. crop system, the most significant effect of inoculation of biological treatment RNP on organic matter was obtained, RNE and RNEP increased the content of available phosphorus. The addition effect was the most significant, RE was the most significant increase in the content of available potassium (P0.05). The treatment of inoculated organisms could significantly promote the growth of crop roots (root length, root area, root volume and number of root tips) (P0.05), in which the effect of the compound inoculation of soil organisms on the treatment of RNEP was the most obvious. And the inoculation of biological treatment increased the production of flowers to a certain extent. However, only RP and RNE had significant effect. However, only RNEP treated with composite inoculum could significantly increase the yield of sweet potato.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S155.25

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