武汉市生猪规模化养殖氮足迹分析

发布时间：2018-06-10 17:02

本文选题：猪 + 粪便　；参考：《华中农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：农业生产是活性氮排放的主要源头,而畜牧业在农业源活性氮排放中占有重要地位。氧化亚氮、氨、凯氏氮是畜禽饲养及其粪便管理过程排放的主要活性氮,对环境构成严峻威胁。畜禽饲养过程中投入的氮素只有很小部分用于动物本身生长发育,绝大多数经由各种途径排放到环境中。生猪养殖一直是我国畜禽养殖的主体,每年来自其养殖过程中的粪尿总量巨大,含氮量高,是养殖业活性氮主要来源。本研究在优化后的IPCC排放因子基础上,研究了武汉市生猪规模养殖过程中的氮素流动过程,利用统计资料,分析了1990-2014年武汉市生猪养殖粪便氮足迹年际间变化规律、养殖过程中不同形态活性氮排放量及不同区域生猪养殖氮足迹变化,全面地评估武汉市生猪养殖氮素利用和排放比例关系。获得了以下主要结果:(1)1990-1997年间,生猪规模养殖粪便氮足迹1994年最大,为6.59×10~6kgN,1995年最小,为5.95×10~6kgN;1998-2014年间,生猪规模养殖粪便氮足迹2005年最大,为6.49×10~6kgN,2007年最小,为3.51×10~6kgN。(2)氧化亚氮占生猪粪便氮足迹比例最小,约为2.82~13.31%,折合CO2当量约7.48~20.29万吨;氨挥发量其次,约占粪便氮足迹的20.98-38.11%;粪便中的凯氏氮所占比例最大,约占总量的51.53-76.2%。(3)1990-1997年,1990年的单位生猪胴体粪便氮足迹最大,为119.79gN/kg胴体,1997年最低,为92.87 gN/kg胴体;1998-2014年,单位生猪胴体粪便氮足迹最大的是1998年的95.87 gN/kg胴体,最低为2014年的35.61 gN/kg胴体。结果表明出栏生猪的体重和单位胴体生猪粪便氮足迹成一定的正相关关系,即生猪出栏时体重越小,对环境排放的氮足迹也越小。(4)四个主要养殖区域平均单位产量生猪粪便氮足迹由大到小依次为黄陂区、江夏区、新洲区、蔡甸区。
[Abstract]:Agricultural production is the main source of active nitrogen emissions, and animal husbandry plays an important role in agricultural active nitrogen emissions. Nitrous oxide, ammonia and Kjeldahl nitrogen are the main active nitrogen emissions from livestock and poultry and their fecal management process, which pose a severe threat to the environment. Only a small part of nitrogen input is used in the growth and development of animals themselves, most of which are discharged into the environment through various ways. Pig breeding has always been the main body of livestock and poultry breeding in China. The total amount of feces and urine from the breeding process is huge and the nitrogen content is high. It is the main source of active nitrogen in the breeding industry. Based on the optimized IPCC emission factors, this study studied the nitrogen flow process during pig scale breeding in Wuhan, and analyzed the interannual variation of nitrogen footprint of pig manure in Wuhan from 1990 to 2014 by using statistical data. In order to evaluate the relationship between nitrogen utilization and emission ratio of pig breeding in Wuhan City, the nitrogen emissions of different forms of active nitrogen and the changes of nitrogen footprint of pig culture in different regions were comprehensively evaluated. The main results were as follows: from 1990 to 1997, the nitrogen footprint of pig feces was the largest in 1994, 6.59 脳 10 ~ (-6) kg N in 1994, and the smallest, 5.95 脳 10 ~ (-6) kg N in 1995. The nitrogen footprint of pig manure was the largest in 2005, 6.49 脳 10 ~ (6) kg N, and the smallest in 2007, from 1998 to 2014. Nitrous oxide accounted for the smallest proportion of nitrogen footprint in pig feces, which was about 2.82% 13.31, equivalent to about 7.48 ~ 202900 tons of CO2 equivalent, followed by ammonia volatilization, accounting for 20.98-38.11% of fecal nitrogen footprint, and the proportion of Kjeldahl nitrogen in feces was the largest. From 1990 to 1997, the nitrogen footprint of carcass excrement was the largest (119.79 g N / kg) in 1990, and the lowest (92.87 g N / kg) in 1997. The largest nitrogen footprint in carcass feces was 95.87 g N / kg carcass in 1998 and 35.61 g N / kg in 2014. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between the body weight of live pigs and the nitrogen footprint in feces of carcass pigs, that is, the smaller the body weight of live pigs was, The average nitrogen footprint of pig feces per unit output in the four main breeding areas is Huangpi district, Jiangxia district, Xinzhou district and Cai Dian district. The order of nitrogen footprint is Huangpi district, Jiangxia district, Xinzhou district and Cai Dian district.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X22;X713

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