蛆粪有机肥的抑菌作用及对作物生长的影响研究

发布时间：2018-06-11 19:18

本文选题：蛆粪有机肥 + 分离鉴定　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：有机肥料含有大量的有机质和腐殖质,不只可以改善耕地土壤肥力从而给植物提供充沛的养分,并且其对土壤的病虫害也有很好的抑制作用。本文所用蛆粪有机肥由云南xx公司开发和生产的生物有机肥,蛆粪有机肥以鸡粪为主要原料,经EM菌发酵后用于养殖蝇蛆,蝇蛆收集后所剩渣料经高温发酵,冷却后干燥而成,其水分为20%,pH值8.0,有机质含量54%,总养分为9.7%,重金属含量符合NY 525-2012标准。本文从蛆粪有机肥中分离对玉米6种常见致病真菌(玉米纹枯病菌、玉米小斑病菌、玉米穗腐病禾谷镰刀菌、玉米弯孢霉叶斑病菌、玉米灰斑病菌、尖孢镰刀菌)具有抑制效果的20株细菌菌株,并对其中的8株进行了16S rDNA测序及系统发育分析。结果表明,C4为地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis), A6、 C1、C5、N3、N6菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis), N7菌株为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), C2菌株属于芽孢杆菌属。蛆粪有机肥中含有多种抑菌物质,本文通过制备不同浓度的蛆粪有机肥提取液,研究其对玉米6种常见致病真菌及根际线虫的抑制效果。结果表明,蛆粪有机肥对7种玉米致病真菌都有很好的抑制效果,且活性比较高,每20m1培养基中加2m1浓缩提取液,对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制率为74.7%,对其他玉米致病菌均达到100%,同时对感染了尖孢镰刀菌的玉米种子有一定的防治作用；对线虫的杀伤作用也优于复合肥,40g/L的蛆粪有机肥浸渍液24h即可对线虫达到100%的致死率。从三七白粉病植株叶片上分离获得其致病真菌白粉孢霉,研究蛆粪有机肥提取液对白粉孢霉的抑制作用及对三七白粉病的防治效果。结果表明蛆粪提取液对白粉孢霉有很强的抑制作用。蛆粪有机肥提取液稀释100倍对患病叶子喷雾效果最好,但是还是未能治愈,只能缓解病情,将大概50%植株病情降到三级及其以下。为了探讨蛆粪有机肥对植物生长的促进作用,本文进行了有机肥施用对小白菜幼苗的生长及幼苗叶片保护酶酶活影响的比较,结果表明,施加蛆粪有机肥有机肥／基质质量比为15%对植物生长最好,添加适当有机肥可增加叶片保护酶活性,降低MDA含量,从而达到对叶片细胞的保护作用,增加小白菜幼苗对外界环境的抗逆性。本文最后进行了利用施用蛆粪有机肥和填砂翻耕对曲靖市绿源蔬菜专业合作社的白浆土耕地和大根病多发耕地的改良试验。结果表明,两块地的改良效果十分明显。白浆土壤耕地的芥蓝较未改造前长势好,大根病多发地的菜心收获期缩短,菜心品质明显提高。综上所述,蛆粪有机肥具有独特的肥效和特征,值得进一步研发推广。
[Abstract]:Organic fertilizer contains a large amount of organic matter and humus which can not only improve soil fertility and provide abundant nutrients for plants but also inhibit soil diseases and insect pests. The maggot manure used in this paper is a biological organic fertilizer developed and produced by Yunnan xx Company. Chicken manure is the main raw material of maggot manure, which is fermented by EM bacteria for breeding fly maggots. The residue of fly maggots collected is fermented at high temperature and dried after cooling. Its water is divided into 20% pH value 8.0, organic matter content 54, total nutrient 9.7m, heavy metal content accord with NY525-2012 standard. In this paper, six common pathogenic fungi (maize sheath blight, corn spot, ear rot of corn, Fusarium graminearum, Curvularia cornus, leaf spot of maize and gray spot of corn) were isolated from maggot manure. Among the 20 strains of Fusarium oxysporum, 8 of them were sequenced by 16s rDNA and phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that C _ 4 was Bacillus licheniformis, A _ 6, C _ (1) C _ (5) N _ (3) N _ (6) was Bacillus subtilisus, N7 was Bacillus amyloliquefaciensus, and C _ 2 belonged to Bacillus subtilis. There are many kinds of antimicrobial substances in maggot manure organic fertilizer. In this paper, different concentrations of maggot manure organic fertilizer extract were prepared to study the inhibitory effect on six common pathogenic fungi and rhizosphere nematodes in maize. The results showed that maggot manure had a good inhibitory effect on seven maize pathogenic fungi, and its activity was high. 2m1 was added to each 20m1 medium. The inhibition rate of Fusarium oxysporum was 74.7% and 100% to other maize pathogenic bacteria. It also had certain control effect on maize seeds infected with Fusarium oxysporum. The killing effect to nematodes was also superior to that of 40 g / L compound fertilizer, and the lethal rate of nematodes reached 100% in 24 hours. The pathogenic fungus of powdery mildew of Panax notoginseng was isolated from the leaves of the plant. The inhibitory effect of the organic fertilizer extract of maggots on powdery mildew of Panax notoginseng and its control effect on powdery mildew of Panax notoginseng were studied. The results showed that the extract of maggot dung had a strong inhibitory effect on P. albicans. The 100 times dilution of maggot manure organic fertilizer extract had the best effect on spraying the diseased leaves, but it could not be cured and could only alleviate the disease, reducing about 50% of the plants to three levels and below. In order to study the promoting effect of maggot manure on plant growth, the effects of organic fertilizer application on the growth of pakchoi seedlings and the protective enzyme activities of seedling leaves were compared. Application of 15% maggot-manure organic fertilizer / substrate mass ratio is the best for plant growth. Adding appropriate organic fertilizer can increase the activity of leaf protection enzymes and reduce MDA content, so as to achieve the protective effect on leaf cells. To increase the resistance of pakchoi seedlings to external environment. At the end of this paper, using maggot manure and sand-filling to improve the cultivated land in the Green-source vegetable Cooperatives of Qujing City. The results show that the improvement effect of the two plots is very obvious. In white pulp soil cultivated land, kale grew better than that before transformation, the harvest period of cauliflower was shortened and the quality of cauliflower was improved obviously in the high root disease-prone area. To sum up, maggots manure organic fertilizer has a unique fertilizer efficiency and characteristics, it is worth further research and promotion.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S141;S474.3

【参考文献】