五种南方阔叶树种人工林土壤肥力状况评价

发布时间：2018-06-11 19:24

本文选题：阔叶树种 + 微生物　；参考：《广西大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：自20世纪80年代,我国广西、广东、福建、云南、海南、湖南等地相继开始大力发展优良阔叶树种人工林,并开展了较多材性、生长、栽培技术等的研究。但由于其发展起步较晚,有些方面的研究较少,特别是有关林地土壤肥力的系统研究方面。如何更好发挥优良阔叶树种生产优良木材,保持水土、提高肥力,改善地力的作用,是目前人们关注的热点。为比较黑木相思(Acacia meianoxyion)、米老排(Mytilaria laosensis)、红椎(Castanpsis hystrix)、黧蒴(Castanopsis fissa)、火力楠(Michelia macclurei)五种南方优良阔叶树种人工林的土壤肥力,并揭示土壤理化性质间的相互关系。本研究以相同林龄(12年)和立地条件的五种人工林为研究对象,测定其土壤微生物数量、酶活性、养分含量、土壤酸度、腐殖质及土壤物理性质并测定凋落物厚度及营养元素含量。对各土壤肥力因素进行分析得出以下结果：1.五种人工林土壤微生物数量均为：细菌固氮菌放线菌真菌,且细菌数量占微生物总数的绝大多数。细菌总数：火力楠黧蒴红椎黑木相思米老排。不同树种微生物数量差异不显著。2.五种人工林土壤酶活性为：蔗糖酶过氧化氢酶蛋白酶脲酶酸性磷酸酶,各林分不同土壤酶活性差异较大,其中,米老排林蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性均最高,脲酶活性仅次于黑木相思林。火力楠林和红椎林各酶活性均较低。不同树种过氧化氢酶活性差异不显著,其他酶活性差异极显著。3.五种人工林土壤物理性质存在差异,黧蒴林持水性最好,火力楠林次之,且优于红椎林,黑木相思林土壤持水性优于米老排林。容重：黧蒴火力楠红椎黑木相思米老排,总孔隙度：黧蒴火力楠米老排红椎黑木相思。黧蒴林土壤团粒状况最好,红椎林次之,黑木相思林和米老排林较差。4.五种人工林土壤呈强酸性,pH为4.1-5.1,土壤pH值：黧蒴黑木相思红椎火力楠米老排,交换性酸：黧蒴火力楠黑木相思红椎米老排,水解性总酸度：黧蒴红椎火力楠黑木相思米老排,受土壤养分含量的影响,黧蒴林交换性铝的百分比最低,土壤铝毒作用最小。5.五种人工林土壤有机质：黧蒴红椎火力楠米老排黑木相思；胡敏素占腐殖质百分比最高,红椎火力楠米老排黧蒴黑木相思；胡敏酸百分比：米老排黑木相思火力楠黧蒴红椎；富里酸百分比：黧蒴黑木相思火力楠红椎米老排。不同树种富里酸含量差异显著。腐殖质各成分间有一定相关性。土壤供氮水平：黧蒴米老排红椎黑木相思火力楠,供磷水平：米老排黑木相思黧蒴红椎火力楠,供钾水平：黧蒴红椎黑木相思米老排火力楠。不同树种全钾含量差异显著。试验土壤Al、Fe含量较高,Mg、Mn、Zn含量较低,不同树种五种元素含量差异均不显著。6.试验地林下凋落物较多,凋落物厚度1.oo-2.87cm,黧蒴=火力楠米老排红椎黑木相思。凋落物有机碳量：红椎黑木相思黧蒴米老排火力楠。全氮：黑木相思米老排红椎黧蒴火力楠。全磷：米老排黧蒴黑木相思红椎火力楠。全钾：米老排黧蒴火力楠红椎黑木相思。C/N比：火力楠红椎黧蒴米老排黑木相思。凋落物厚度、全氮、全磷量及C/N比差异极显著。凋落物Mg、Mn、Zn含量高于土壤,Al、Fe含量远小于土壤。树种间凋落物Al、Mn含量差异显著,Mg含量差异极显著,Fe、Zn含量差异不显著。7.土壤各理化性质及生物活性间存在复杂的相关性,不同土壤因子对地力影响不同,土壤物理性质及酸度是首要影响因素,养分含量是重要影响因素,微生物数量及酶活性是次要影响因素。五种树种人工林土壤肥力综合排序：黧蒴红椎米老排火力楠黑木相思。
[Abstract]:Since 1980s, China, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Yunnan, Hainan, Hunan and other places have begun to develop excellent broad-leaved tree plantations, and have carried out a lot of research on timber, growth and cultivation techniques. However, because of their late development, there are few studies in some aspects, especially on the systematic Research on the soil fertility of woodland. How to give good use of fine hardwood trees to produce fine wood, keep soil and water, improve fertility and improve the effect of soil fertility is the focus of attention at present. In order to compare the black wood acacia (Acacia meianoxyion), the Mytilaria laosensis, the Castanpsis hystrix, the Castanopsis fissa, and the Phoebe (Michelia macclurei) in the South (Michelia macclurei) Soil fertility of excellent broad-leaved tree species and the relationship between soil physical and chemical properties were revealed. In this study, the soil microbial number, enzyme activity, nutrient content, soil acidity, humic quality and soil physical properties were measured in five artificial forests of the same age (12 years) and site conditions, and the thickness and nutrition of litter were measured. The following results were obtained from the analysis of soil fertility factors: 1. the number of soil microbes in the five species of plantation were all: bacterial actinomycetes fungi, and the number of bacteria accounted for the majority of the total microbes. The total number of bacteria: the total number of bacteria: Mi Lao. The number of different species of microbes of different species was not significant.2 The activities of the soil enzyme in the five plantations were: invertase catalase protease acid phosphatase, and the activities of the enzymes in different stands were different. Among them, the activity of invertase, protease, acid phosphatase and catalase in the rice old row was the highest, and the activity of urease was only in black wood Acacia. The difference of catalase activity of different species was not significant, the activity difference of other enzymes was very significant, the soil physical properties of the five plantations were different, the water holding ability of the capsule forest was the best, the firepower forest was the second, and the red forest was superior to the red forest. The water holding capacity of the black wood Acacia forest was better than that of the rice old forest. The bulk density was that of the black wood black wood of the capsule of.3.. The total porosity: the black wood black wood Acacia of the capsule firepower, the best of the soil pellet in the Castanopsis capsule, the second of the red vertebra forest, the strong acidity of the five species of.4. plantation in the black wood and the rice old row forest, the pH 4.1-5.1, the soil pH value: the exchange acid: the exchange acid: the black wood of the capsule firepower and the black wood of the black wood Mi Lao row, the total hydrolytic acidity: the black wood and black wood of the capsule of the capsule of the capsule, the percentage of the exchangeable aluminum in the capsule is the lowest, the soil Al toxicity is the lowest in the soil, and the soil organic matter of the soil al poison is the smallest.5. five species of artificial forest. The age of the black wood and the black wood of nanmu, the percentage of Hu Min acid: the black wood of the black wood, the percentage of fulvic acid: the rich acid content of different tree species is significant. There is a certain correlation between the rich acid content of different species. Fire Nan, the level of phosphorus supply: the black wood of the black wood of the black wood, the level of potassium supply: the potassium content of the black wood of the capsule: the total potassium content of the different tree species is remarkable. The soil Al, the Fe content is high, the content of Mg, Mn, Zn is low, and the difference of the content of the five elements of different tree species is not significant and the litter is more and more litter under.6. test. The thickness of the falling substance 1.oo-2.87cm, the capsule = the old red vertebra of the firepower and the black wood of the red vertebra. The amount of organic carbon of the litter. The thickness of litter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and C/N ratio were very significant. The content of litter Mg, Mn, Zn was higher than that of soil, Al, Fe content was much lower than that of soil. The contents of Al, Mn in tree species were significantly different, Mg content was very significant, Fe, Zn content had no significant physical and biological properties and bioactivity of.7. soil. There is a complex correlation between different soil factors and different soil factors. Soil physical properties and acidity are the most important factors, nutrient content is an important factor, microorganism quantity and enzyme activity are the secondary factors. The soil fertility of the five species of tree plantations is sorted in a comprehensive way.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S714

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