物化—生化组合工艺处理完达山奶牛场废水的实验研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 06:32

  本文选题：奶牛场废水 + 电催化氧化　； 参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：奶牛养殖场废水具有明显的“三高”特点:高有机物、高氨氮、高悬浮物,属于难降解有机废水,直接排放会危害生态环境和人类健康。本课题研究对象为完达山奶牛场废水,根据项目可研报告提出的技术路线,即混凝-电化学-厌氧-好氧-电化学组合工艺,确定了适合奶牛场废水处理的工艺参数,出水水质能够满足《农田灌溉水质标准》(GB5084-2005,旱作)的要求,为工程建设提供了有参考价值的研究结果,同时为高COD、高氨氮、高悬浮物有机废水的处理提供了一种思路。废水来源于粪尿一起冲刷的混合废水,在经简单的格栅过滤后排出,以及小区生活污水,具有高COD、高悬浮物浓度和高氨氮的特点。论文系统研究了混凝沉淀法和电催化氧化法预处理废水的效果,并进行工艺参数优化。以聚合氯化铝为混凝剂,优化出PAC的最佳投加量为0.25g/L,此时COD、SS和总氮去除率分别为20%、56%和20%。以强化水中氨氮转化为目标,对电催化氧化法的工艺参数进行优化,结果为:以Ti/Sn O2电极为阳极,电流密度为25 m A/cm2时,降解2 h,COD和TN去除率分别为60%、36%。预处理后,废水的COD值为6875mg/L,氨氮浓度为535mg/L,满足本课题要求生物氧化段氨氮浓度小于550mg/L的目标。论文采用厌氧-好氧(EGSB SBR)组合工艺作为生物处理工艺。EGSB总容积为7.5 L,有效体积3.5 L,启动条件为中温35℃、回流比20、HRT为24 h。SBR有效体积4 L,每天运行3个周期。EGSB-SBR反应器运行稳定后,SBR出水COD在187±76 mg/L之间,EGSB和SBR对COD去除率分别为89%、76%。观察生物反应器运行前后的污泥生物相的变化,发现均形成了适应各自条件的微生物菌群。在研究电化学预处理对EGSB反应器运行效果的影响时发现,进水氨氮在745mg/L,总氮在1200 mg/L时,COD的去除率达67%,产气中CH4含量占61%;进水氨氮在535 mg/L,总氮在770 mg/L时,COD的去除率达89%,产气中CH4含量占65%。数据结果验证了高浓度氨氮对厌氧微生物有抑制作用,同时解释了本文提出预处理的必要性。为保障SBR在存在冲击负荷时,出水水质仍可达标,论文在SBR出水设置了电催化氧化单元。通过对比二维和三维电催化体系处理SBR出水的效果和能耗,得出了三维电催化体系的优越性。以COD最大时的出水为研究对象,以瓷环粒子为粒子电极,电流密度为10 m A/cm2时,降解10 min,出水即可达标。文章分析了稳定运行过程中各阶段废水水质,当奶牛场废水COD在19750±1750 mg/L之间时,SBR出水的COD在187±76 mg/L之间,SBR出水中TOC值为106 mg/L。废水经电催化处理后,可生化性从0.41提高至0.65,生物处理后,SBR出水B/C比降为0.19。通过对各阶段废水进行GC-MS扫描分析,发现各阶段有机物种类较多,SBR出水中有机物多为难降解类物质。
[Abstract]:The wastewater from dairy cattle farm has the characteristics of "three high": high organic matter, high ammonia nitrogen, high suspended matter, it is difficult to degrade organic wastewater, direct discharge will harm the ecological environment and human health. The object of this study is Wandashan dairy wastewater. According to the technical route proposed in the project research report, that is, coagulation-electrochemical, anaerobic, aerobic and electrochemical process, the process parameters suitable for the treatment of dairy wastewater are determined. The effluent quality can meet the requirements of "farmland Irrigation Water quality Standard" (GB5084-2005, dry cropping), which provides a valuable research result for engineering construction, and also provides a way of thinking for the treatment of organic wastewater with high COD, high ammonia nitrogen and high suspended solids. The wastewater comes from mixed wastewater washed together by feces and urine. It is discharged after simple grid filtration, and has the characteristics of high COD, high concentration of suspended matter and high ammonia nitrogen. The effects of coagulation precipitation and electrocatalytic oxidation on the pretreatment of wastewater were systematically studied, and the process parameters were optimized. With polyaluminum chloride as coagulant, the optimum dosage of PAC is 0.25 g / L, and the removal rates of COD and TN are 20% and 20%, respectively. The process parameters of electrocatalytic oxidation were optimized to enhance the conversion of ammonia and nitrogen in water. The results showed that the removal rates of COD and TN were 60 and 3636 when the Ti / Sno _ 2 electrode was used as anode and the current density was 25 m A/cm2. After pretreatment, the COD value of wastewater is 6875 mg / L, and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen is 535 mg / L, which meets the goal of biological oxidation stage with ammonia nitrogen concentration less than 550 mg / L. In this paper, a combination of anaerobic and aerobic EGSB SBR process was used as the biological treatment process. The total volume of EGSB was 7.5 L, the effective volume was 3.5 L, and the start-up condition was 35 鈩，

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