宁夏引黄灌区灌淤土的成土特点及系统分类研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 12:45

本文选题：引黄灌区 + 灌淤土　；参考：《土壤学报》2017年05期

【摘要】：为了解宁夏引黄灌区灌淤土的成土特点和系统分类归属,在研究区内挖掘5个典型土壤剖面,经过剖面形态观测和分层取样分析,发现灌淤土主要的成土过程是人为耕作引起的土壤熟化过程、灌溉水和地下水共同作用引起的氧化还原过程以及灌溉水泥沙沉降引起的地表物理堆垫过程,有些地方还有盐渍化过程。依据《中国土壤系统分类检索(第三版)》进行检索、鉴定,发现5个典型剖面的诊断依据有灌淤表层、肥熟表层、雏形层等诊断层和冷性土壤温度状况、石灰性和氧化还原特征等诊断特性以及钙积现象,5个典型剖面分别属于人为土土纲,旱耕人为土亚纲,灌淤旱耕人为土和肥熟旱耕人为土2个土类,斑纹灌淤旱耕人为土、灌淤肥熟旱耕人为土和普通灌淤旱耕人为土3个亚类。依据《中国土壤系统分类土族与土系划分标准》将5个剖面按照控制层段土壤颗粒大小、矿物学类型的不同,初步建立5个土族和5个土系。将典型剖面在不同分类系统中的位置进行参比研究,表明发生分类与系统分类虽然并非简单一对一的关系,但却具有优势的对应关系;5个典型剖面在发生分类中归属为灌淤土土类,在中国土壤系统分类归属中为灌淤旱耕人为土和肥熟旱耕人为土2个土类,在美国土壤系统分类中归属为Inceptisols土纲,Ustepts亚纲和Haplustepts土类;相比之下,发生分类和美国土壤系统分类较为稳定,定量化的中国土壤系统分类分异性较大,使分类更加全面、细化。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the soil forming characteristics and systematic classification of irrigated and silt soil in Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation area, five typical soil sections were excavated in the study area. It is found that the main process of soil formation in irrigated and silt soil is the process of soil maturation caused by artificial tillage, the process of redox caused by the interaction of irrigation water and groundwater, and the process of surface physical piling caused by sediment deposition of irrigation water. In some places there is salinization. According to the Chinese soil system Classification Retrieval (third Edition), it was found that the diagnostic basis of five typical sections were the surface layer of irrigated silt, the matured surface layer, the embryonic layer, and the condition of cold soil temperature. The characteristics of calcareousness, redox and calcium accumulation were analyzed. The five typical sections belong to artificial soil class, dry tillage subclass, irrigated silt dry soil and fertilized dry tillage artificial soil, and porphyry irrigated silt dry soil. There are three subgroups of irrigated silt fertilizer mature dry soil and common irrigated silt soil. According to the criteria for the classification of Tu and soil series in Chinese soil system, five sections were preliminarily established according to the different soil particle size and mineralogical types in the control layer. By comparing the position of typical sections in different classification systems, it is shown that the relationship between occurrence classification and systematic classification is not simple one-to-one. However, the five typical sections were classified as irrigated and silt soil in occurrence classification, and in Chinese soil system classification, they were irrigated and silt dry cultivated artificial soil and fertilized mature dry tillage artificial soil, respectively, and the five typical sections were classified as irrigated silt soil and fertilized mature dry tillage soil. Inceptisols Ustepts subclass and Haplustepts soil are classified in the American soil system classification, compared with the American soil system classification, the occurrence classification and the American soil system classification are more stable, and the quantitative Chinese soil system classification has greater heterogeneity, which makes the classification more comprehensive and detailed.
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;
【基金】：国家科技基础性工作专项(2014FY110200A07)资助~~
【分类号】：S155.3

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