低山丘陵区麻栎混交林不同立地条件下土壤理化特性研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 19:15

本文选题：麻栎 + 混交　；参考：《河南农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：麻栎(Quercus acutissima)属壳斗科(Fagaceae)落叶乔木,是我国低山丘陵地区重要的薪炭林树种,也是我国今后发展林业生物质能源林的重要树种,单一纯林往往难以抵御自然灾害。麻栎混交林的研究在提高土壤理化性状、枯落物层蓄水量,提高林间平均胸径树高等方面已有报道。但马尾松-麻栎混交林在混交比例及立地条件方面的文献很少出现。马尾松(Pinus massoniana)根系发达,主根明显,有根菌,对土壤要求不严格,喜微酸性土壤,在石砾土、沙质土、粘土、山脊和阳坡的冲刷薄地上,以及陡峭的石山岩缝里都能生长。湿地松(pinus elliottii),为速生常绿乔木,它既抗旱又耐劳、耐瘠,有良好的适应性和抗逆力,经常作为风景林和低山丘陵地带的水土保持林。火炬松(Pinus taeda)一般垂直分布在500米以下的低山、丘陵、岗地造林。本试验采用野外样地调查和实验室研究相结合的方法,采集马尾松-麻栎混交、湿地松-麻栎混交、火炬松-麻栎混交和麻栎纯林样地0-10 cm土层和10-20 cm土层土壤,研究了不同混交类型和混交比例以及坡向、坡度方面有关的土壤物理结构和营养元素的差异性,对指导生态重建有重要的理论和实践意义。主要研究结果如下:1.南坡与北坡相比:南坡土壤含水率高于北坡土壤;南坡土壤硬度低于北坡土壤壤;0-10cm土层,土壤硝态氮、土壤可溶性有机氮、有机质含量南坡均低于北坡土壤;相反土壤铵态氮、土壤有效磷含量均高于北坡土壤。2.不同混交类型相比:马尾松-麻栎混交林土壤pH最低;火炬松-麻栎混交林土壤砂粒所占粒径组成比例最大,其他林型均是粉粒所占比例最大;在0-10cm土层土壤硝态氮含量和可溶性有机氮含量马尾松麻栎混交林最大,且0-10 cm土层到10-20cm土层马尾松麻栎混交变化幅度最为明显;0-10cm土层土壤有效磷含量低于10-20 cm土层含量。3.通过坡度对土壤理化性质的影响测定,结果研究表明:土壤硬度、土壤容重和土壤pH随着坡度的升高呈现先降低再升高又降低的变化趋势。4.通过对马尾松-麻栎混交不同比例土壤各指标的测定分析,结果表明:控制混交比例在1:2到1:7之间有利混交林土壤的改良发育。
[Abstract]:Quercus acutissima (Quercus acutissima) is a deciduous tree of Fagaceaeae. Quercus acutissima is an important fuelwood forest tree species in low mountain and hilly region of China, and it is also an important tree species for developing forest biomass energy forest in China in the future. The single pure forest is often difficult to resist natural disasters. The research on mixed forest of Quercus acutissima has been reported in improving soil physical and chemical properties, storing water in litter layer and increasing average DBH tree height among forests. However, the literature on mixed proportion and site conditions of Pinus massoniana and Quercus acutissima mixed forest was rare. Pinus massoniana has developed root system, obvious root and rhizobia, which is not strict to soil. It can grow in gravel soil, sandy soil, clay, ridge and sunny slope, as well as steep rock crevice. Pinus elliottii (Pinus elliottii), a fast-growing evergreen tree, is drought resistant, resistant to labor, barren, and has good adaptability and resistance to adverse stress. It is often used as a forest for soil and water conservation in scenic forests and low hilly areas. Pinus taedera) is generally distributed vertically in the low mountains, hills and hills below 500 meters for afforestation. In this experiment, the soil layer of 0-10 cm soil layer and 10-20 cm soil layer of Pinus massoniana mixed with Quercus acutissima, Pinus elliottii and Quercus acutissima mixed with Pinus elliottii and pure forest of Quercus acutissima were collected by means of field investigation and laboratory study. The differences of soil physical structure and nutrient elements related to different mixed types and ratios, as well as slope direction and slope, are studied, which have important theoretical and practical significance in guiding ecological reconstruction. The main results are as follows: 1. Compared with the north slope, the soil moisture content in the south slope is higher than that in the north slope, the soil hardness in the south slope is lower than that in the north slope soil layer, the nitrate nitrogen, the soluble organic nitrogen, the organic matter content in the south slope are lower than those in the north slope soil, the soil ammonium nitrogen in the south slope is lower than that in the north slope soil. The content of available phosphorus in soil was higher than that in North Slope soil. The soil pH was the lowest in the mixed forest of Pinus massoniana and Quercus acutissima, the proportion of sand in the mixed forest was the largest, and the proportion of silt was the largest in other forest types. The content of nitrate nitrogen and soluble organic nitrogen in soil of 0-10cm soil layer was the largest in mixed forest of Pinus massoniana and Quercus acutissima, and the range of mixed change from 0-10 cm soil layer to 10-20cm soil layer was the most obvious. The soil available phosphorus content of 0-10 cm soil layer was lower than that of 10-20 cm soil layer. The effects of slope on soil physical and chemical properties were determined. The results showed that soil hardness, soil bulk density and soil pH showed a tendency of decreasing first and then increasing and then decreasing with the increase of slope. Through the determination and analysis of soil indexes of different proportions of Pinus massoniana and Quercus acutissima, the results showed that the control of mixed ratio between 1:2 and 1:7 was beneficial to the improvement and development of mixed forest soil.
【学位授予单位】：河南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S714.2

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