文登市土壤有机质和氮磷钾空间分布特征及影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-06-13 00:25

本文选题：文登市 + 土壤养分　；参考：《山东农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和有效钾是土壤养分的重要组成成分,也是评价土壤肥力和土壤质量的重要指标之一。在一定的水、肥、气、热条件下,土壤的这四种物质含量越高,标志着土壤肥力和土壤质量的越高,它们含量的降低将直接导致土壤肥力的降低和土壤质量的下降,从而降低其上的生态系统的生产力。因而,揭示土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和有效钾含量变化的空间变异规律可以为土壤肥力评价和管理提供指导,是实现耕地资源可持续利用和区域可持续发展的前提。要正确评价整个区域的土壤肥力状况,只能通过科学的抽样技术,用统计学方法研究土壤样本各种养分测试值的统计量,从而估计总体(整个区域)的土壤肥力状况。本文是以山东省文登市(县级市)为典型研究区,以耕层土壤有机质和全氮、速效磷、有效钾为研究对象,利用地统计分析模块中的克立格法分析文登市耕层土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和有效钾的空间变异性,并对比选择最优的克立格插值模型,分析了不同地形条件、不同土地利用和土壤类型下,四种土壤养分的含量特征,以及地形因子和土地利用交互作用对土壤养分状况的影响,得出以下研究结果:(1)本文系统分析了文登市土壤中有机质及氮磷钾含量的空间分布状况,通过对研究区1616个表层土壤样品中4种养分指标(有机质、土壤全氮、速效磷、有效钾)进行描述性统计后分析结果显示:文登市有机质的平均值是10.48g/kg,全氮0.97g/kg,速效磷0.89g/kg,有效钾24.97g/kg。从4种土壤养分的空间分布图看:有机质含量中等偏高且分布成片状相见分布;全氮含量东北部高于西南部,整体上呈块状分布;速效磷含量较高,有集中分布现象;有效钾受地理位置影响,表现出从西到东快速增加的趋势。(2)本研究过程中对比分析出土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和有效钾的克里格最优模型。然后通过半方差函数模型分析,发现在一定范围内这4种土壤养分均存在空间相关性,其中速效磷空间相关性很弱,受随机因素影响较大;而土壤有机质、全氮和有效钾的分布具有中等空间相关性,其中,全氮受人为因素影响占主导;有机质和有效钾受结构性因素影响占主导。(3)在研究地形因子、土壤类型和不同的土地利用方式与4种土壤养分的关系时,做了两方面的研究:第一,研究不同土地利用方式、坡度、海拔、土壤类型等级下土壤养分的空间分布状况,以及土壤养分含量的变化趋势。第二,在SPSS软件中采用Pearson相关性系数,进行土壤类型关于土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和有效钾的空间变异相关性研究和土地利用方式与地形因子的交互作用对4种土壤养分含量分布的相关关系。
[Abstract]:Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium are important components of soil nutrients, and also one of the important indicators to evaluate soil fertility and soil quality. Under certain conditions of water, fertilizer, gas and heat, the higher the content of these four substances in the soil, the higher the soil fertility and soil quality, and their decrease will directly lead to the decrease of soil fertility and soil quality. Thus reducing the productivity of the ecosystem on it. Therefore, revealing the spatial variation law of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content can provide guidance for soil fertility evaluation and management, and is the premise of realizing the sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources and regional sustainable development. In order to correctly evaluate the soil fertility in the whole region, we can only use the scientific sampling technique to study the statistics of the soil samples' various nutrient test values, and then estimate the soil fertility status of the whole region. This paper takes Wendeng City, Shandong Province (county level) as the typical research area, takes the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium as the research object, and uses the Kriging method in the statistical analysis module to analyze the soil organic matter in the topsoil layer of Wendeng City. The spatial variability of total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium was compared and the characteristics of four kinds of soil nutrients were analyzed under different topographic conditions, different land use and soil types, and the optimal Kriging interpolation model was selected. And the effects of the interaction of topographic factors and land use on the soil nutrient status. The following results were obtained: 1) the spatial distribution of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil of Wendeng City was analyzed systematically in this paper. Through descriptive statistical analysis of four nutrient indexes (organic matter, soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium) in 166 surface soil samples in the study area, the results showed that the average value of organic matter in Wendeng was 10.48 g / kg, total nitrogen 0.97 g / kg, available phosphorus 0.89 g / kg, available potassium 24.97 g / kg. According to the spatial distribution map of four kinds of soil nutrients, the organic matter content was middle high and distributed as a flake distribution, the total nitrogen content in the northeast was higher than that in the southwest, and the whole distribution was massive, the available phosphorus content was relatively high, and the distribution was concentrated. The available potassium is affected by geographical location, showing a trend of rapid increase from west to east.) in this study, the Kriging optimal model of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium was compared and analyzed. Then, through the analysis of semi-variance function model, it is found that the four kinds of soil nutrients have spatial correlation in a certain range, among which the spatial correlation of available phosphorus is very weak, which is influenced by random factors, but the soil organic matter, The distribution of total nitrogen and available potassium is of moderate spatial correlation, in which total nitrogen is dominated by human factors, and organic matter and available potassium are dominated by structural factors. The relationship between soil types and different land use patterns and four kinds of soil nutrients was studied in two aspects: first, the spatial distribution of soil nutrients in different land use patterns, slopes, elevations, and soil types was studied. And the change trend of soil nutrient content. Secondly, using Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS software, the soil types of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, Spatial variability correlation of available phosphorus and available potassium and the correlation between land use patterns and topographic factors on the distribution of four kinds of soil nutrients.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S158

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