基于水土保持的瓯江流域源头区生态健康评价

发布时间：2018-06-12 23:57

  本文选题：生态健康 + 影响因子　； 参考：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以瓯江流域源头区为研究主体,水土流失对生态健康的影响为背景,生态健康评价为目的,应用生态学和水土保持学原理,综合研究区实际情况,从生态特征、功能作用、社会经济三方面构建了基于水土保持的生态健康评价指标体系。通过野外调查采样与室内样品测试、资料收集,结合GIS手段,高精度获取了各评价指标的定量化数据。在对生态健康各评价因子系统分析的基础上,建立了相应的评价标准。选用综合水质标识指数法、主成分分析法对难以确定的定性指标进行了独立评价。最后基于层次分析法,确定指标权重,综合评价研究区的生态健康。基于评价结果提出了研究区的水土保持防护体系构架。研究结果可为南方丘陵区流域源头区的生态建设提供科学依据。主要结论如下：(1)研究区各评价指标所反映的生态现状：径流量充足,拥有Ⅱ类水质,因其为流域源头区,水质条件对全流域的发展有着至关重要的作用,故该区水质仍需提高。植被条件好,土壤有机质含量较高,为流域环境提供了良好的生态基础,但影响土壤抗蚀性能力的土壤团聚体,会因不同林相及人类干扰而有明显差异,尤以经济林间的差异表现更为显著,其土壤团聚体稳定性有好有差,故在建设流域生态健康过程中,应注重对土壤结构较差的经济林实行有效管理,提高保持水土的能力。(2)瓯江流域源头区的生态健康评价结果为亚健康,在众多影响因子中,水土流失强度和土壤抗蚀性能力是影响该区生态健康的主要因素。研究区土壤抗蚀性水平较弱,加之一定程度的人为干扰,出现了不同程度的水土流失,而水土流失携带的泥沙和表层土壤养分,影响区域水质,更进一步削弱了土壤抗蚀性能力,影响了研究区的生态健康水平,因此,尽管研究区具有良好的生态基础,却无法实现流域源头区本应为健康状态的特点。(3)依据研究区垂直分带明显的地貌特征及目前所处的生态状况,遵循“因地制宜”与“可持续发展”原则,将区域划分为三个不同的生态保育和水土保持垂直地带,分别为：源头山地区生态保育为主的地带,山前丘陵坡地水土保持重点地带,滨河谷地重点开发与保护并重地带。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the source area of Oujiang River Basin as the main body, the impact of soil and water loss on ecological health as the background, ecological health assessment as the purpose, applying the principles of ecology and soil and water conservation, synthesizing the actual situation of the study area, from the ecological characteristics and function. The evaluation index system of ecological health based on soil and water conservation is established in three aspects of social economy. Through field investigation and indoor sample testing, data collection and GIS, the quantitative data of each evaluation index were obtained with high precision. Based on the systematic analysis of the factors of ecological health evaluation, the corresponding evaluation criteria were established. The synthetic water quality labeling index method and principal component analysis method are used to evaluate the qualitative indexes which are difficult to be determined. Finally, based on Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the index weight is determined and the ecological health of the study area is comprehensively evaluated. Based on the evaluation results, the framework of soil and water conservation protection system in the study area is proposed. The results can provide scientific basis for the ecological construction of the headwaters in the southern hilly region. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the ecological situation reflected by the evaluation indexes in the study area is as follows: adequate runoff, class 鈪，

本文编号：2011635