长期定位施肥对土壤各形态K、Ca、Mg及其有效性的影响

发布时间：2018-06-13 02:33

本文选题：长期定位施肥 + 棕壤　；参考：《沈阳农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文应用棕壤肥料长期定位试验,研究经36年长期轮作施肥条件下,不同施肥处理大豆各生育时期土壤pH、土壤速效钾和钙、镁离子浓度及其在土壤中垂直分布,以及大豆植株中各器官中钾、钙、镁含量随生育时期的变化规律及其吸收量。主要研究结果如下：耕层土壤速效钾、水溶性钙、镁和交换性钙、镁含量随大豆生育期的推进变化明显,而耕层土壤酸溶性钙、镁含量随生育期的推进变化不明显。其中,耕层土壤速效钾含量和水溶性钙、镁含量在大豆鼓粒期均为最低,土壤交换性钙、镁含量在鼓粒期最高。长期不同施肥对0-20cm土层的土壤pH影响最大,各土层土壤pH值大小在土壤剖面上表现出：20-40cm40-60cm0-20cm,土壤pH值在不同处理之间表现出：单施有机肥处理有机肥配施氮肥处理对照处理(CK)施氮肥处理。长期不同施肥对土壤速效钾含量和土壤水溶性钙、镁含量在剖面上的影响表现出：随土壤深度的增加,土壤速效钾和土壤水溶性钙、镁含量逐渐减少。长期不同施肥对土壤交换性钙、镁和酸溶性钙、镁含量在剖面上的影响表现出：随土壤深度的增加,土壤交换性钙、镁含量和土壤酸溶性钙、镁含量也逐渐增加,在土壤剖面上具有淋溶特点。大豆各生育时期中,植株各器官中钾、钙、镁含量在不同施肥处理之间均表现出：有机肥区化肥区。(1)大豆分枝期时,不同施肥处理的植株各器官的钙、镁含量表现出：叶片茎杆根,植物各器官钾含量表现出：茎杆叶片根；(2)开花结荚期时,不同施肥处理的植株各器官的钙含量表现出：叶片茎杆荚皮根,钾含量为：荚皮叶片茎杆根；(3)鼓粒期时,不同施肥处理的植株各器官的钙、镁含量均表现出：叶片茎杆根荚皮,植株中钾含量表现出：荚皮叶片茎杆根；(4)收获期时,不同施肥处理的植株各器官的钙含量表现出：荚皮根茎杆籽粒,镁含量表现出：荚皮茎杆根籽粒,钾含量表现出：籽粒荚皮根茎杆。长期不同施肥对大豆植株钾、钙、镁吸收量的影响表现出：有机肥区化肥区。有机肥配施化肥处理M2N1P、M2N1PK、M2N1、M2植株钙、镁的吸收量均高于对应化肥区处理N1P、N1PK、N1、CK植株钙、镁的吸收量,且均达到显著性差异水平。在有机肥区和化肥区中,施钾肥处理(M2N1PK和N1PK)植株钾、钙、镁的吸收量均高于处理M2N1P和N1P植株钾、钙、镁的吸收量,且均达到显著性差异水平
[Abstract]:In this paper, the soil pH, available potassium, calcium, magnesium ion concentration and their vertical distribution in soybean at different growth stages were studied under 36 years long term rotation fertilization with brown soil fertilizer. The contents of potassium, calcium and magnesium in various organs of soybean plants varied with the growth period and their absorption. The main results were as follows: the contents of available potassium, water-soluble calcium, magnesium and exchangeable calcium and magnesium in topsoil changed obviously with the advance of soybean growth period, but the contents of acid-soluble calcium and magnesium in topsoil did not change significantly with the advance of growth period. Among them, the available potassium content and water soluble calcium in the topsoil were the lowest in Dadou granulation period, the exchangeable calcium and magnesium content were the highest in the granulation stage. Long-term fertilization had the greatest effect on soil pH of 0-20cm soil. The soil pH value of each soil layer showed a ratio of: 20-40 cm 40-60 cm 0-20 cm in soil profile, and the soil pH value showed in different treatments: single organic fertilizer treatment combined with nitrogen fertilizer control treatment (CK) application of nitrogen fertilizer treatment. The effect of long-term fertilization on soil available potassium content and water soluble calcium and magnesium content in soil profile showed that soil available potassium and water soluble calcium and magnesium content gradually decreased with the increase of soil depth. The effects of long-term fertilization on soil exchangeable calcium, magnesium, acid-soluble calcium and magnesium content in soil profile showed that with the increase of soil depth, soil exchangeable calcium, magnesium content and soil acid-soluble calcium, magnesium content also increased gradually. It has the characteristics of leaching in soil profile. The contents of potassium, calcium and magnesium in various organs of soybean showed in different fertilization treatments: chemical fertilizer area in organic fertilizer area. 1) calcium in organs of different fertilization treatments at the branching stage of soybean. Magnesium content showed: leaf stem root, plant organ potassium content: stem leaf root 2) when flowering pod stage, the calcium content of plant organs of different fertilization treatment showed: leaf stem pod-skin root, The potassium contents were as follows: at the stage of seeding, the contents of calcium and magnesium in different fertilization treatments were: pods of leaf stem root, potassium content of plants showed as follows: at harvest stage, potassium content in leaves showed that: pods, leaves, stems and roots of pods at the harvest stage, the contents of potassium in the leaves of different fertilization treatments were as follows: pods, leaves, stems, roots and roots of pods at the harvest stage. The calcium content of different fertilization treatments showed as follows: seed of pods rhizome stem, magnesium content of root kernel of pod bark stem, potassium content of pod bark rhizome stem. The effects of long-term fertilization on the absorption of potassium, calcium and magnesium in soybean plants were as follows: fertilizer area in organic fertilizer area. The absorption of calcium and magnesium in plant of M _ 2N _ 1P ~ + M _ 2N _ 1PKN _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (1) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2 In the organic fertilizer area and fertilizer area, the absorption of K, Ca and mg in the plants treated with potassium fertilizer was higher than that in the plants treated with M2N1P and N1P, and the absorption amount of K, Ca and mg in the plants treated with potassium fertilizer was higher than that in the plants treated with M2N1P and N1P, and all reached the level of significant difference.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S153.6;S565.1

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