基于成本收益分析的河北平原灌溉水价研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 02:42

本文选题：河北平原 + DEA模型　；参考：《青海师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：水资源是人类赖以生存和发展的基础性自然资源和战略性经济资源,也是世界上最珍贵的自然资源。随着人口的增长和社会经济的飞速发展,农业、工业及城市用水对水资源的需求大幅增长,水危机成为21世纪全球面临的重大问题,同时为人类水资源的可持续利用带来强有力的挑战。农业是我国的基础产业,其用水所占比例最大,且目前我国大部分灌区农业排灌设施还不完善,用水管理措施粗放,水价偏低,用水浪费且水污染严重。人们开始意识到必须采取有效的手段对水资源进行配置和利用。因此,农业水价政策无疑是解决农业灌溉用水浪费及污染问题的一个有效途径。本文在国内外研究经验的基础上,针对河北平原农业灌溉用水存在的主要问题,从经济学角度出发,秉着公平和平等、成本和利润补偿、水价补贴以及可持续发展的水价制定原则,运用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数、数据包络模型及成本收益等方法,利用粮食生产的成本模型、需求模型以及农户收益最大化原则等理论基础确定农业灌溉水价模型,并对征收农业灌溉水价后的补贴政策进行了探讨。研究结果表明:(1)根据柯布-道格拉斯生产函数以及数据包络模型计算结果,2013年河北平原冬小麦-夏玉米生产整体处于规模报酬递减的状态,该研究区在该时间点上投入已经达到饱和或者是呈现出过剩的状态;河北平原7地市无论是纯技术效率、规模效率还是综合技术效率均为无效,冬小麦-夏玉米生产效率提升空间较大。该地区冬小麦-夏玉米生产在灌溉、肥料投入均存在较大冗余、机械投入的冗余水平较低,而产量亦还有增加的空间,可通过优化投入模式,降低生产成本并提高粮食生产能力,减少由于过量灌溉、施肥导致的地下水超采和水土资源污染的风险,实现“节本增效”的综合目标。(2)通过对粮食生产成本、粮食需求以及水分生产函数的分析,根据利润最大化原则最终确定河北平原农业灌溉水价模型,并利用河北平原冬小麦-夏玉米2013年调查数据及统计数据计算可得该地区农业灌溉水价为0.34元/m3。(3)河北省为推进农业灌溉水价改革,促进农业节约用水,制定了“一提一补”、“超用加价”农业灌溉水价改革及奖补办法。该政策主要目的是节水,而较少考虑农户收益问题,因此,本研究从农户的收益即粮价补贴入手,以期为完善农业补贴政策提供参考。粮价补贴的两种情况:第一是按农户现收益计算。针对农户现阶段收益情况,若调整水价后仍保持目前的灌溉量、产量及收益,则应每公顷平均补贴616.58元,即每千克粮食补贴0.09元。第二按农村人均收益计算。从农户的生产实际看,我省平原区目前农户平均人数按4.3人计算,每公顷平均收益17607元,则应每公顷补贴10548.67元,即每千克粮食补贴1.46元。
[Abstract]:Water resources are the basic natural resources and strategic economic resources for human survival and development, and are also the most precious natural resources in the world. With the rapid growth of population and the rapid development of social economy, the demand for water resources in agriculture, industry and cities has increased dramatically, and the water crisis has become a major problem facing the world in the 21st century. At the same time, the sustainable use of human water resources brings a strong challenge. Agriculture is the basic industry of our country, and the proportion of water consumption is the largest. At present, the irrigation and drainage facilities in most irrigation areas in China are not perfect, the water management measures are extensive, the water price is on the low side, the water is wasted and water pollution is serious. People are beginning to realize that effective means must be taken to allocate and utilize water resources. Therefore, agricultural water price policy is undoubtedly an effective way to solve the problem of water waste and pollution in agricultural irrigation. Based on the research experience at home and abroad, this paper aims at the main problems of agricultural irrigation water in Hebei plain, from the angle of economics, with fairness and equality, compensation of cost and profit. The principle of water price subsidy and sustainable development, using Cobb-Douglas production function, data envelopment model and cost-benefit model, and using the cost model of grain production. Based on the demand model and the maximization principle of farmers' income, the agricultural irrigation water price model is determined, and the subsidy policy after collecting the agricultural irrigation water price is discussed. The results show that according to Cobb-Douglas production function and data envelopment model, the winter wheat and summer maize production in Hebei Plain in 2013 is in the state of decreasing returns on a scale. At this time point, the investment in the research area has reached saturation or is showing a state of excess; the seven cities in Hebei plain are ineffective in terms of pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency or comprehensive technical efficiency. The productivity of winter wheat and summer maize is improved greatly. In this area, winter wheat-summer maize production in irrigation, fertilizer input has greater redundancy, mechanical input redundancy level is low, and the yield also has room to increase, we can optimize the input mode, Reducing production costs and increasing food production capacity, reducing the risk of overexploitation of groundwater and pollution of soil and water resources due to excessive irrigation, fertilization, and achieving the integrated objective of "cost savings and efficiency gains" through the cost of food production, Based on the analysis of grain demand and water production function, according to the principle of profit maximization, the agricultural irrigation water price model of Hebei Plain was finally determined. Using the survey data and statistical data of winter wheat and summer maize in Hebei Plain in 2013, we can get that the agricultural irrigation water price in this area is 0.34 Yuan / m3. In order to promote the reform of agricultural irrigation water price and promote agricultural water conservation, Hebei Province has formulated "one proposal and one supplement". The reform of agricultural irrigation water price and the method of compensation. The main purpose of this policy is to save water, but less to consider the income of farmers. Therefore, this study starts with the income of farmers, that is, grain price subsidies, in order to provide a reference for improving the policy of agricultural subsidies. Two cases of grain price subsidies: the first is based on the current income of farmers. In view of the present situation of farmers' income, if the current irrigation amount, yield and income are maintained after adjusting the water price, the average subsidy per hectare should be 616.58 yuan, that is, 0.09 yuan per kilogram of grain. The second is based on rural per capita income. From the actual production of farmers, the average number of farmers in plain area of our province is calculated as 4.3 people, the average income per hectare is 17607 yuan, then the subsidy should be 10548.67 yuan per hectare, that is, 1.46 yuan per kilogram grain subsidy.
【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F323.213;S274

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