农药施用对太子河上游藻类的影响及胁迫机理研究
发布时间:2018-06-13 07:31
本文选题:农药 + 蛋白核小球藻 ; 参考:《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文
【摘要】:农药因其施用方式及物化特性,会对靶标生物外的生物及环境产生影响,包括对土壤、水体、大气造成的环境污染,这种残留污染现象早已受到了国内外学者的广泛关注。太子河上游山区段河流中藻类以绿藻为主,本研究选用具有代表性且易于试验的蛋白核小球藻作为试验藻种,研究了杀虫剂敌敌畏和除草剂敌草快2种常用农药对蛋白核小球藻的影响及胁迫机理。通过前期四环境因子正交试验,确认对于蛋白核小球藻的生长影响程度:光照强度温度总氮总磷。得到本研究优化后的蛋白核小球藻培养条件为,温度为24℃,光照3000lux,总氮20mg/L,总磷0.4mg/L,在此条件下进行农药胁迫实验分析。实验结果表明,敌敌畏与敌草快对蛋白核小球藻的毒性作用不同。从叶绿素含量的变化可以看出,低浓度敌敌畏对蛋白核小球藻的生长具有促进作用,在高浓度时对蛋白核小球藻的生长具有明显的抑制作用,浓度过高时导致藻细胞大量死亡。而低浓度的敌草快对蛋白核小球藻无促进作用,高浓度时抑制作用十分严重,且随着蛋白核小球藻暴露时间的延长,毒害作用更强。因此,对蛋白核小球藻而言,敌草快的毒性作用大于敌敌畏。对于低浓度的敌敌畏及敌草快,蛋白核小球藻均表现出受胁迫后,POD、SOD含量的升高,经高浓度农药处理的蛋白核小球藻,POD、SOD含量在短时间内急剧降低,敌草快对蛋白核小球藻两种酶的抑制作用更为显著,这应该与除草剂敌草快对藻细胞光合作用系统直接产生影响有关。敌敌畏及敌草快低浓度组处理蛋白核小球藻的MDA含量增加相对较少,变化趋势并不明显,高浓度组蛋白核小球藻MDA含量有明显增加,表现出一定的浓度-效应关系,在一定的农药浓度下暴露一段时间后,蛋白核小球藻的MDA含量可恢复到正常波动范围。通过荧光探针技术,对暴露于敌敌畏农药下细胞膜自由基损伤情况进行了监测,证明敌敌畏会使蛋白核小球藻细胞膜发生明显的脂质化反应,使蛋白核小球藻细胞膜的通透性增大。
[Abstract]:Due to its application methods and physicochemical characteristics, pesticides will have an impact on the target organisms and the environment, including the soil, water, atmosphere caused by environmental pollution, this residual pollution phenomenon has been widely concerned by domestic and foreign scholars. The algae in the upper reaches of the princeling River are mainly chlorophyta. In this study, Chlorella Proteinuca, which is representative and easy to test, was selected as the experimental algae. The effects and stress mechanism of dichlorvos (DDVP) and diethyleneuridine (DDP) on Chlorella Proteinuca were studied. The effects of light intensity and temperature on the growth of Chlorella Proteinuca were confirmed by the orthogonal experiment of four environmental factors: light intensity, temperature, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The optimized culture conditions of Chlorella proteolyticus were as follows: temperature 24 鈩,
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