模拟条件下生物腐殖酸肥对土壤磷素淋失及流失的影响

发布时间：2018-06-16 08:13

本文选题：生物腐殖酸 + 磷　；参考：《中国农业气象》2017年11期

【摘要】：通过模拟淋溶和径流实验,考察单施生物腐殖酸肥(BHA)后磷在竖直及水平方向的迁移能力,并通过室外小白菜种植实验进一步开展淋溶和径流中磷的行为研究,考察单施BHA对小白菜长势、产量的影响及对受纳水体水质的污染风险。实验以施化肥(CF)和不施肥(NOP)为对照。结果表明,(1)在模拟淋溶及径流实验中,经过8次浇水,BHA处理组的淋溶液及径流液中TP含量的最高值及平均值均高于CF及NOP处理组,在磷淋失量及淋失率上,3个处理间均无显著差异;在磷流失量及流失率上,BHA与CF无显著差异,二者均显著高于NOP处理组,其磷流失量分别比NOP高208.96%、147.01%,流失率分别比NOP高1.98%、1.39%。(2)室外小白菜种植的淋溶及径流实验中,在对小白菜长势的影响方面,BHA与CF无显著差异,二者均显著高于NOP处理组;在对小白菜产量及植株吸磷量的影响方面,CF处理组显著高于BHA及NOP。在磷淋失量上,BHA与CF无显著差异,二者均显著高于NOP处理组;在磷流失量上,BHA处理组显著高于CF及NOP,分别高78.52%、82.48%。研究表明,尽管BHA中的磷不如CF易被小白菜吸收利用,但是二者对小白菜长势的影响无显著差异;BHA施用后磷更易随径流液流失,而不易随淋溶液淋失,因此,施用BHA后应避免立即灌溉,尤其是大水漫灌。
[Abstract]:The transport ability of phosphorus in vertical and horizontal direction after applying biological humic acid fertilizer BHA was investigated by simulated leaching and runoff experiments. The behavior of phosphorus leaching and phosphorus in runoff was further studied through outdoor pakchoi cultivation experiment. The effects of BHA alone on the growth and yield of pakchoi and the pollution risk to the water quality were investigated. The experiment was carried out by applying chemical fertilizer (CFC) and no fertilizer application (NOP) as control. The results showed that in the simulated leaching and runoff experiments, the highest value and average value of TP content in leaching solution and runoff solution of BHA treatment group were higher than those of CF and NOP treatment group. There was no significant difference in phosphorus leaching amount and leaching rate among the three treatments, but there was no significant difference between BHA and CF in phosphorus loss and loss rate, both of which were significantly higher than those of NOP treatment. The amount of phosphorus loss was 208.96 and 147.01 higher than that of NOP, and the loss rate was 1.98 and 1.39 respectively higher than that of NOP.) in the experiment of leaching and runoff of outdoor pakchoi, there was no significant difference in the effect of BHA and CF on the growth of Chinese cabbage, both of which were significantly higher than that of NOP treatment. The effect of CF treatment on the yield and phosphorus uptake of pakchoi was significantly higher than that of BHA and NOP. There was no significant difference between BHA and CF in phosphorus leaching, both of them were significantly higher than those of NOP treatment, and the phosphorus loss of BHA group was significantly higher than that of CF and NOP, 78.52% and 82.48%, respectively. The results showed that although phosphorus in BHA was less easily absorbed and utilized by Chinese cabbage than CF, there was no significant difference between the two on the growth of Chinese cabbage. After BHA was applied, phosphorus was lost more easily with runoff solution, but not with leaching solution. Irrigation should be avoided immediately after application of BHA, especially flooding.
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所;国家海洋局北海环境监测中心;
【基金】：国家水污染控制与治理科学与技术重大工程(2014ZX07101-012-001;2013ZX07103-006) 国家科技支撑计划“重金属超标农田安全利用技术研究与示范”项目(2015BAD05B01)
【分类号】：S141;S153

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