不同畜禽粪便堆肥的微生物数量和养分含量的变化

发布时间：2018-06-16 16:32

本文选题：堆肥 + 可培养微生物数量　；参考：《甘肃农业大学学报》2017年03期

【摘要】：【目的】比较以羊粪、牛粪、猪粪和鸡粪为主料,玉米秸秆为辅料,在堆肥过程中微生物区系和养分含量的变化.【方法】用平板培养计数法和国家有机肥行业标准规定的方法测定春季堆肥中可培养微生物数量和养分含量的变化,并比较冬季和春季不同季节堆肥过程的温度变化.【结果】春季堆肥较冬季堆肥升温速度快,高温(60~65℃)期持续时间长(9~12d),堆肥周期短,有利于提高生产效率;堆肥至第30天时,即可达到腐熟标准,冬季堆肥需要40d方可达到腐熟标准;不同畜禽粪便堆肥过程中以鸡粪为原料的堆肥中可培养微生物数量最多,在高温阶段下降的幅度最小,为91.1%;鸡粪堆肥的有机质含量亦最高,为48.6%;总养分(N+P_2O_5+K_2O)含量升高的幅度最大;达到42.4%;羊粪堆肥的放线菌数量在堆肥过程中的增加幅度最大,为74.8%,有利于堆肥后期木质素的分解.【结论】因此,当地企业在以牛粪和玉米秸秆为主要原料进行堆肥时,可加入适量鸡粪和羊粪,以提高堆肥的生产效率和产品品质.
[Abstract]:[objective] to compare sheep dung, cow dung, pig dung and chicken dung as main material, corn straw as auxiliary material, The changes of microbial flora and nutrient content in composting process. [methods] the changes of culturable microorganism and nutrient content in spring compost were determined by plate culture counting method and national organic fertilizer industry standard. The temperature changes of composting process in winter and spring were compared. [results] the composting temperature in spring was faster than that in winter, and the duration of composting lasted longer than that in winter. The composting period was shorter, which was beneficial to the improvement of production efficiency, and the composting time was 30 days after composting. It can reach the standard of rotting, and it takes 40 days for composting to reach the standard in winter, and the amount of cultivated microorganism can be the most in the compost of different livestock and poultry manure, and the decrease is the least in the period of high temperature. The content of organic matter in chicken manure compost was also the highest (48.6%). The content of total nutrient N P _ 2O _ 5 K _ 2O _ 2 increased the most; reached 42.4%; and the actinomycetes of sheep manure compost increased the most during the composting process. It is beneficial to decompose lignin in the later composting stage. [conclusion] therefore, the local enterprises can add appropriate amount of chicken manure and sheep manure when composting with cow dung and corn straw, in order to improve the production efficiency and product quality of compost.
【作者单位】：甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室;甘肃农业大学草业学院;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2015CB150501) 国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103004) 生物有机肥的研制及其对保护地蔬菜的生物效应研究项目白银市白银区科技计划项目(2014-5N)
【分类号】：S141.4

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