沟渠—塘系统在控制农田系统污染中的作用研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 16:43

本文选题：沟渠—塘系统 + 沉淀池　；参考：《云南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：农业面源污染作为滇池水体富营养化的主要原因之一,而湖滨带作为农业面源污染物通过径流进入滇池的过渡带,既有上游来水的净化问题,也有区间农田回归水的净化问题。利用湖滨区沟渠条件,经适当改造,提高其水质净化作用,对控制农业面源污染具有重要意义。在静态小试的基础上,在松华坝退耕区动态现场试验,获得如下研究结果： (1)以污水处理站尾水为原水,以水箱为容器,人工种植沉水植物、放养水生动物开展静态试验,结果表明,不同的沉水植物、水生动物组合方式,具有不同的水质净化效果,螺+蚌+轮叶狐尾藻+菹草的组合方式,具有较强的水质净化作用。其中对总氮的最高去除率达到61.19%,对总磷的最高去除率达到79.20%,对COD的最高去除率最高为15.96%。对于COD去除效果不显著。 (2)在松华坝库区利用原有沟渠,经适当改造、分区,设计成沉淀池→填料池→复氧池→生物恢复池,净化上游来水和实验区周边径流水。结果表明,系统能适应处理水力停留时间大幅度变化(断流到21.97h)的现场条件,能取得较好的净化效果。经近半年多的观测,本技术除对总氮(平均净化率63.4%)、氨氮(平均净化率43.9%)、硝氮(平均净化率71.0%)和总磷(平均净化率50.9%)均有良好的净化作用。但对COD基本无效。经改造后,沟渠系统的整体去除效率明显优于天然沟渠。 (3)沉淀池水力停留时间3.19-227h,平均水力停留时间55.95h。对总氮,氨氮,硝氮的净化作用均不明显,对总磷,COD的去除作用较好。沉淀池对各污染物平均去除率分别达到总磷30.32%,氨氮21.35%,COD16.49%,硝氮5.88%,总氮5.55%。 (4)填料池对总氮以及硝氮的体积负荷较总磷、氨氮以及COD效果明显。水力停留时间最大为200h,最小为2.81h。在水力停留时间为3.48h时,与其它水力停留时间下的总氮、硝氮、氨氮以及总磷的体积负荷相比均达到了最高值,分别为14.78g/m3.h,1.50g/m3-h,18.39g/m3.h,1.40g/m3.h。相应的,对各污染物平均去除率分别达到总氮33.69%,硝氮54.35%,氨氮35.80%,总磷48.21%。填料池对总氮以及硝氮的去除效果比对总磷,氨氮以及COD的好。 (5)复氧池水力停留时间最高为497h,最低为7.00h,平均水力停留时间为114.60h。复氧池对总氮、总磷、硝氮、氨氮以及COD的净化效果均较好。其中对硝氮的平均体积负荷最高,为3.21g/m3·h。复氧池对硝氮的平均去除率达最高,为60.37%。对其它污染物平均去除率分别达到总磷31.19%,氨氮41.17%,COD15.62%,总氮36.53%。复氧池的沉水植物对于氮磷的去除起到了关键作用。 (6)生物恢复池水力停留时间最高为466.67h,最低为6.56h,平均水力停留时间为101.69h。生物恢复池对总氮的净化效果较其它污染物好,平均体积负荷为1.53g/m3·h。对各污染物平均去除率分别达到总磷24.31%,氨氮29.18%,COD14.29%,硝氮40.89%,总氮35.88%。可以看出生物恢复池对硝氮的去除效果最好。 (7)总体来看,COD的去除主要在生物恢复池；氨氮的去处主要在复氧池；硝氮的去除主要在填料池和复氧池；总氮的去除主要在填料池和复氧池。总磷的去除主要在沉淀池和复氧池。沉淀池对COD的净化效率最高,达到16.5%。填料池对总磷的净化效率最佳(33.26%),复氧池对氨氮(41.17%)、硝氮(60.37%)和总氮(36.53%)的净化效率最高。系统对COD的净化效果有限。
[Abstract]:The agricultural non-point source pollution is one of the main reasons for the eutrophication of Dianchi water body, and the lakeside belt, as the transitional zone of agricultural non-point source pollutants through runoff into Dianchi, has both the purification of the upstream water and the purification of the return water in the interval. It is of great significance to control agricultural non-point source pollution. On the basis of static test, dynamic field test in Songhua Dam reclaimed farmland is carried out.
(1) taking the tail water of the sewage treatment station as the original water and using the water tank as the container, the submerged macrophytes were planted and the aquatic animals were carried out static tests. The results showed that the combination of different submerged plants and aquatic animals had different water purification effects. The combination of snail + clam + leaf Fox and Potamogeton Potamogeton and Potamogeton crispus had a strong water purification effect. The maximum removal rate of total nitrogen is 61.19%, the maximum removal rate of total phosphorus is 79.20%, and the highest removal rate of COD is 15.96%., which is not significant for the removal of COD.
(2) using the original ditch in the reservoir area of Songhua Dam, the sediment pool, filling pool, reoxygen pool and biological recovery pool are designed by proper transformation, and the flow of water from the upper reaches of the upper reaches and the surrounding water of the experimentation area are purified. The results show that the system can adapt to the field conditions of a large change in the hydraulic retention time (disconnection to 21.97h) and achieve better purification efficiency. After nearly half a year of observation, this technique has good purification effect except for total nitrogen (average purification rate 63.4%), ammonia nitrogen (average purification rate 43.9%), nitrate nitrogen (average purification rate 71%) and total phosphorus (average purification rate 50.9%). However, the overall removal efficiency of the ditch system is obviously better than that of natural ditch after the transformation of COD.
(3) the water retention time of the sedimentation tank is 3.19-227h. The average hydraulic retention time 55.95h. has no obvious purification effect on total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. The removal of total phosphorus and COD is better. The average removal rate of the pollutants in the sedimentation tank reaches 30.32% of the total phosphorus, 21.35% of ammonia nitrogen, COD16.49%, nitrate nitrogen, 5.88%, and 5.55%..
(4) the volume load of the total nitrogen and nitrite in the packing pool is more effective than the total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and COD. The maximum hydraulic retention time is 200H, and the minimum is 2.81h. when the hydraulic retention time is 3.48h, and the maximum value is reached to the volume load of total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus under the other hydraulic retention time, 14.78g/m3.h, 1.50 respectively. The average removal rate of g/m3-h, 18.39g/m3.h and 1.40g/m3.h. reached 33.69% of total nitrogen, 54.35% of nitrite and nitrogen, 35.80% for ammonia nitrogen. The removal efficiency of total nitrogen and nitrogen by the total phosphorus 48.21%. filler pool was better than that of total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and COD.
(5) the maximum hydraulic retention time of the reoxygenation tank is 497h and the lowest is 7.00h. The average hydraulic retention time is better for the total nitrogen, the total phosphorus, the nitrate nitrogen, the ammonia nitrogen and the COD. The average volume load of the nitrate nitrogen is the highest, and the average removal rate of the nitrate nitrogen is the highest for the 3.21g/m3 / h. reoxygenation pool, which is 60.37%. to other pollutants. The average removal rate reached 31.19% of total phosphorus, 41.17% of ammonia nitrogen, and COD15.62%. The submerged plants of total nitrogen 36.53%. reoxygenation pond played a key role in nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
(6) the maximum hydraulic retention time of the biological recovery pool is 466.67h, the lowest is 6.56h. The average hydraulic retention time is better than that of other pollutants. The average volume load is 1.53g/m3. H., the average removal rate of 1.53g/m3. H. to the total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen 29.18%, COD14.29%, nitrate nitrogen 40.89% and total nitrogen 35.88, respectively. %. It can be seen that the biological recovery pool has the best removal effect on nitrate nitrogen.
(7) in general, the removal of COD is mainly in the biological recovery pool. The removal of ammonia is mainly in the reoxygen pool; the removal of nitrate is mainly in the packing pool and reoxygenation pool; the removal of total nitrogen is mainly in the packing pool and reoxygenation pool. The removal of total phosphorus is mainly in the sedimentation tank and reoxygenation pool. The purification efficiency of the sedimentation tank to the COD is the highest, reaching the 16.5%. packing pool to the total phosphorus. The purification efficiency is the best (33.26%), and the reoxygenation tank has the highest purification efficiency for ammonia nitrogen (41.17%), nitrate nitrogen (60.37%) and total nitrogen (36.53%). The purification effect of the system on COD is limited.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X712

【参考文献】