增施有机物料黑土磷素形态转化规律研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 09:24

本文选题：有机物料 + 黑土　；参考：《吉林农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：针对农业废弃物在土壤中腐解时间较长,探究增施不同种类农业废弃物对黑土土壤磷素形态影响的长期动态变化规律。本论文通过开展5年盆栽试验并只在第1年施肥,设置增施猪粪、秸秆、树叶、菌渣和单施化肥5个处理,研究了土壤总磷含量、速效磷含量、各有机磷形态和无机磷形态含量及磷酸酶活性,并讨论了增施不同有机物料对磷形态转化的影响。结果表明:(1)增施有机物料后土壤有机磷平均含量为猪粪秸秆菌渣树叶化肥。土壤磷库以无机磷为主。中等活性有机磷和中稳性有机磷占有机磷库约70%;O-P和Ca10-P占无机磷库约50%。增施猪粪、秸秆和菌渣分别在前5年、5年和前3年提高土壤速效磷含量。猪粪和树叶提高中等活性和活性有机磷比例,秸秆和树叶增加中稳性有机磷比例。有机物料(除秸秆)可提高土壤Ca2-P、Ca8-P和Al-P比例、降低土壤Fe-P和O-P比例,对Ca10-P影响较小;增施秸秆和化肥增加O-P比例。(2)猪粪、秸秆和树叶均可显著增加土壤活性有机磷(L-OP)含量,最高值分别出现在第1年、第3年和第2年,猪粪至第5年时仍显著高于其余处理。除猪粪外,其余所有处理中等活性有机磷(ML-OP)含量逐年上升,猪粪、秸秆和菌渣可显著增加其含量,最高值分别出现在第1年,第3年,第1年。增施有机物料均可显著增加中稳性有机磷(MR-OP)含量,且整体呈逐年降低趋势。增施有机物料第1年后均可增加高稳性有机磷(HR-OP)含量,但第5年时各处理含量均低于单施化肥处理,单施化肥促使HR-OP积累。(3)增施猪粪、菌渣和秸秆均可增加土壤Ca2-P含量,最高值分别出现在第1、3、2年;增施猪粪和菌渣第5年时仍显著高于NPK处理。猪粪、菌渣和树叶增加土壤Ca8-P含量;相较于NPK,增施菌渣和树叶增量逐年增加,菌渣效果略优于树叶。有机物料对Al-P含量提高仍以猪粪最佳,在第2年达到最高并后保持稳定;增施秸秆和菌渣和树叶分别于前2年,2年和前1年提高其含量;各处理土壤Fe-P含量变化趋势一致;猪粪和菌渣可提高土壤Fe-P含量;增施秸秆和树叶降低其含量,秸秆降幅最大。有机物料第1年均提高了O-P含量,但菌渣于第2年,树叶、秸秆和猪粪于第4年含量低于NPK;单施化肥有利于O-P的积累,积累速率由快至慢。有机物料对Ca10-P影响多集中在前2年,影响较小。(4)增施有机物料后第1、2年均可提高土壤碱性磷酸酶活性,单施化肥其活性前3年逐渐降低。各处理中性磷酸酶活性逐渐下降,增施猪粪、秸秆和菌渣减缓其降低速率,相比于NPK处理,增施猪粪于前5年,秸秆和菌渣于前3年增加其活性。增施猪粪和秸秆可促进磷酸酶活性,提高土壤中性磷酸酶活性比例,提高磷的有效性。(5)施用农业废弃物均可不同程度的活化稳定态磷组分,单施化肥促使MR-OP向HR-OP转化以及O-P的积累。有机物料可能具有活化土壤O-P的能力,且其效果以菌渣最快,树叶次之。
[Abstract]:In view of the longer decomposition time of agricultural wastes in soil, the long-term dynamic change of phosphorus forms in black soil was investigated by adding different kinds of agricultural wastes. In this paper, the total phosphorus content and available phosphorus content in soil were studied by five treatments of adding pig manure, straw, leaves, bacteria residue and chemical fertilizer only in the first year after 5 years pot experiment. The contents of organophosphorus and inorganic phosphorus and the activity of phosphatase were discussed. The effects of different organic materials on the transformation of phosphorus were discussed. The results showed that the average content of organophosphorus in soil after adding organic materials was the fertilizer of leaves from the residue of pig manure and straw. Inorganic phosphorus is the main phosphorus pool in soil. The proportion of moderately active organic phosphorus and moderately stable organic phosphorus in organic phosphorus pool is about 70%, and that of Ca 10-P and Ca 10 P is about 50%. Application of pig manure, straw and bacterial residue increased soil available phosphorus content in the first 5 years, 5 years and 3 years, respectively. Pig manure and leaves increased the proportion of moderately active and active organophosphorus, while straw and leaves increased the proportion of moderately stable organophosphorus. Organic matter (except straw) could increase the ratio of Ca _ 2-P to Ca _ (8-P) and Al-P, decrease the ratio of Fe-P and O-P, and increase the ratio of O-P to pig manure, straw and leaf could significantly increase the content of soil active organic phosphorus (L-OPP). The highest values appeared in the first year, the third year and the second year, and the pig manure was still significantly higher than the other treatments in the fifth year. With the exception of pig manure, the content of ML-OPP in all the treatments increased year by year, and the content of pig manure, straw and bacteria residue increased significantly, and the highest values appeared in the first year, the third year and the first year, respectively. The content of MR-OPP in medium stable organophosphate was significantly increased by adding organic materials and decreased year by year. The content of HR-OPP increased after the first year of application of organic materials, but in the fifth year, the content of HR-OP was lower than that of single fertilizer, and the accumulation of HR-OP was increased by the application of chemical fertilizer alone. The content of Ca _ 2-P in soil was increased by bacteria residue and straw. The highest values appeared in the 1st and 2nd year respectively, and the increase of pig manure and bacteria residue was still significantly higher than that of NPK treatment in the fifth year. Compared with NPK, the application of microbial residue and leaf increment increased year by year, the effect of microbial residue was slightly better than that of leaves. The content of Al-P increased by organic materials was still the best in pig dung, which reached the highest level in the second year and remained stable after the second year, and the content of Fe-P increased in the first 2 years, 2 years and 1 year before the application of straw, bacterial residue and leaves, respectively, and the change trend of Fe-P content was the same among the treatments. Pig dung and bacterial residue could increase the content of Fe-P in soil, and the application of straw and leaves could reduce the content of Fe-P, and the decrease of straw was the biggest. The content of O-P increased in the first year of organic materials, but in the second year, the content of leaves, straw and pig manure was lower than that of NPK in the second year, and the accumulation rate of O-P was faster to slower than that of applying chemical fertilizer alone. The effect of organic materials on Ca10-P was mainly concentrated in the first two years, and the effect was small. 4) the activity of alkaline phosphatase in soil increased in the first 2 years after the application of organic materials, and gradually decreased 3 years before the application of chemical fertilizer alone. The activity of neutral phosphatase in each treatment decreased gradually, and the increasing application of pig manure, straw and bacterial residue slowed down the decrease rate. Compared with NPK treatment, adding pig manure increased the activity of pig manure in the first 5 years, and the straw and bacterial residue increased its activity in the first 3 years. Application of pig manure and straw could promote phosphatase activity, increase the proportion of neutral phosphatase activity in soil, and increase the availability of phosphorus. Single application of chemical fertilizer promoted the transformation of MR-OP to HR-OP and the accumulation of O-P. Organic materials may have the ability to activate O-P in soil, and their effects are the fastest in bacteria residue, followed by leaves.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S153.6

【参考文献】