太行山区荆条灌木土壤微生物空间分布特征

发布时间：2018-06-17 23:03

本文选题：太行山 + 荆条　；参考：《河南农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：干旱地区退化生态系统的植被恢复和重建,已成为目前生态学关注的焦点问题。微生物活动在土壤生境中起着积极作用,在土壤物质循环及能量转换间有着不可替代的地位,是评价生境的关键因素之一,针对太行山生境退化地区,探讨土壤微生物变异特征和空间分布格局。本文以太行山区典型植被恢复类型荆条灌木为研究对象,选取3株荆条样本,运用经典传统统计分析方法和地统计方法阐明土壤微生物数量变化及其空间分布特征,探讨了土壤微生物指标及土壤养分(有机质、全氮、速效磷)间的关系,阐述微生物在土壤中作用机制,以期为土壤微生物在植被恢复中的变化和响应机理提供理论依据,拓展和丰富我国土壤生态学的研究内容,发展土壤生态学的理论体系。主要研究结论如下:(1)3株荆条样本的土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量均值为1.11E+07、1.12 E+04、1.56 E+06。土壤有机质、全氮和速效磷的均分别为12.44g/kg、0.83g/kg和9.66mg/kg,在养分分级上均为低等水平。在变异程度上来说,土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌、有机质和全氮为中等程度变异,速效磷为强变异。土壤微生物数量特征表现为:细菌放线菌真菌。(2)相关性分析表明,细菌、真菌、放线菌之间表现为极显著正相关关系,三大微生物种群与有机质、全氮存在极显著正相关关系,速效磷与土壤细菌数量存在弱相关关系,与土壤真菌、放线菌数量无相关性。(3)地统计学空间分析结果显示,太行山区荆条灌丛土壤微生物空间分布明显,在不同空间上呈现出不同分布格局。土壤微生物数量各个指C0/(C+C0)(块金值/基台值)均15%,表明其空间变异随机因素对其空间分布的影响较小,主要由气候、土壤类型、地形等结构性因素引起。各个土壤微生物指标中除了荆条灌丛2真菌(0-5cm)层的变程较小外,其余各指标各层变程均较大,表明其空间连续性较好,空间相关性较强。土壤细菌数量变程的变化范围为73.4~932.7m,土壤真菌数量的变程范围为27.5396~301.2m,土壤放线菌数量的变化范围为73.9856~538.494m;模拟函数的残差值均较小,说明半方差函数的拟合效果都较好。(4)通过Kiriging插值空间分布图分析可知土壤微生物基本呈“岛状”聚集于灌丛根部,表现出较高空间异质性,以根部为中心往灌丛外推移,呈平滑递减的趋势,存在良好的空间分布格局规律性。在垂直方向上,大部分土壤微生物数量都随土层深度的增加而降低,即0-5cm5-10cm10-20cm。
[Abstract]:Vegetation restoration and reconstruction of degraded ecosystems in arid areas has become the focus of ecological attention. Microbial activity plays an active role in soil habitat and plays an irreplaceable role in soil material cycle and energy conversion. It is one of the key factors in evaluating habitat. The variation characteristics and spatial distribution pattern of soil microorganism were discussed. In this paper, the typical vegetation restoration type of C. chinensis shrub in Taihang Mountain area was studied. Three samples were selected, and the variation of soil microbial quantity and its spatial distribution were elucidated by classical statistical analysis method and geostatistical method. The relationship between soil microbial indexes and soil nutrients (organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus) was discussed, and the mechanism of microbial action in soil was expounded in order to provide theoretical basis for the change and response mechanism of soil microorganisms in vegetation restoration. Expand and enrich the research content of soil ecology and develop the theoretical system of soil ecology. The main results were as follows: the average number of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the three samples of C. chinensis was 1.11E 07, 1.12E 04C 1.56E 06. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were 12.44 g / kg 0.83 g / kg and 9.66 mg / kg, respectively. The variation of soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, organic matter and total nitrogen was moderate, and that of available phosphorus was strong. The quantitative characteristics of soil microorganisms were as follows: bacterial actinomycetes, fungi, and actinomycetes showed a very significant positive correlation, and the three major microbial populations had a very significant positive correlation with organic matter and total nitrogen. There was a weak correlation between available phosphorus and the number of soil bacteria, but no correlation with soil fungi and actinomycetes. There are different distribution patterns in different space. The number of microorganism in soil was 15%, which indicated that the random factors of spatial variation had little influence on its spatial distribution, mainly caused by the structural factors such as climate, soil type, topography and so on. In all the soil microbial indexes, except for the 0 ~ 5 cm layer of 2 fungi in the thicket, the variation process of the other layers was larger, which indicated that the spatial continuity was better and the spatial correlation was strong. The variation range of soil bacterial number range was 73.4 ~ 932.7 m, soil fungi number was 27.5396 ~ 301.2 m, and soil actinomycetes number was 73.9856 ~ 538.494m.The residual value of simulation function was small. The results showed that the fitting effect of semi-variance function was better. 4) through the analysis of spatial distribution map of Kiriging interpolation, it was found that soil microorganism was basically "island" clustered in the root of the shrub, showing a high spatial heterogeneity, and moving toward the outside of the shrub with the root as the center. There is a tendency of smooth decline and good spatial distribution pattern. In the vertical direction, the number of most soil microorganisms decreased with the increase of soil depth, i.e. 0-5cm5-10cm10-20cm.
【学位授予单位】：河南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S714.3

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