我国耕地保护经济补偿分区及其动态变化研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 03:06

本文选题：耕地保护经济补偿分区 + 粮食安全　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：粮食安全问题不仅是国民问题和社会问题,更是一个政治问题,对全国31个省(市、自治区)来说,粮食虽可通过区域流通进行补给,但区域间公平及区域内统筹发展是每个省市及全国发展的重要目标。从本质上说,粮食安全问题源于耕地问题,而耕地保护也是缓解甚至解决粮食安全问题的一种有效途径,即,耕地保护是手段,保证粮食安全是目的。实际执行中,我国已相继出台并落实着一系列耕地保护相关政策,虽表现出一定的作用,但现行政策仍有完善的可能。而且目前,将生态保护纳入耕地保护经济补偿分区的研究甚少,更缺乏从“粮食安全+生态安全”双重视角出发的综合分区研究。鉴于此,本文在现有理论、推行政策和实践的前提下,基于“粮食安全+生态安全”的视角,运用粮食安全法和生态安全法,借鉴粮食供需平衡模型和生态足迹改进模型,构建本研究的耕地保护经济补偿综合分区模型。采用国家和31个省市的统计年鉴数据,通过分别计算粮食安全视角和生态安全视角下的人均盈亏量,确定二者的权重,加权得出全国2001-2015年的耕地保护经济补偿的综合分区结果,据此分析耕地三大区的动态变化特征,并对耕地三大区的布局特征做出分析。主要结论如下:(1)借鉴粮食供需平衡模型和生态足迹改进模型,构建耕地保护经济补偿分区模型,依据模型及相关数据测算出2001-2015年全国31个省(市、自治区)耕地保护分区综合得分。(2)据粮食安全法结果,2001-2015年多数省份耕地的粮食生产功能能够保持相对稳定的态势;据生态安全法结果,2001-2015年各省份人均耕地生态盈亏量大小各异、正负波动,且有较多省份长期处于赤字状态。(3)据双重视角综合结果,属于耕地盈余区的省份数量先增加后减少,而耕地平衡区和赤字区的省份数量均呈现先减少后增加的趋势;耕地三大区各年所包含省份大多表现为相邻两级分区间的变动,较少出现跨级变动的情况。(4)2015年,我国耕地保护经济补偿分区结果为盈余区包括内蒙古、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、云南、甘肃、宁夏和新疆8个省份,平衡区包括山西、安徽、广西、重庆、四川、贵州、西藏和陕西8个省市,赤字区包括北京、天津、河北、上海、江苏、浙江、福建、江西、山东、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、海南和青海15个省市。(5)通过对比粮食安全视角和双重视角下的分区结果,由于人均耕地生态盈亏量的影响,在粮食安全视角下属于盈余区或平衡区的省市在综合分区中出现向平衡区和赤字区变化的情况。(6)2001-2015年,耕地三大区总体分布范围和地理位置相对稳定,耕地盈余区集中于东北和西北内陆地区,耕地平衡区从北至南较集中于中部地区,耕地赤字区分布于东部和东南部。
[Abstract]:The issue of food security is not only a national and social problem, but also a political one. For the 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in the country, although grain can be resupplied through regional circulation, However, regional equity and regional overall development are the important goals of each province and the whole country. In essence, the problem of food security originates from the problem of cultivated land, and the protection of cultivated land is an effective way to alleviate or even solve the problem of food security, that is, cultivated land protection is the means and the guarantee of food security is the purpose. In the actual implementation, China has issued and implemented a series of cultivated land protection related policies, although it has a certain role, but the current policy is still possible to improve. At present, the study of ecological protection into the economic compensation zone of cultivated land protection is very few, and there is no comprehensive zoning research from the dual perspective of "food security ecological security". In view of this, based on the existing theory, policy and practice, based on the perspective of "food security ecological security", this paper uses the food security law and ecological security law to learn from the model of grain supply and demand balance and ecological footprint improvement model. The comprehensive zoning model of economic compensation for cultivated land protection is constructed in this paper. Based on the statistical yearbook data of the country and 31 provinces and cities, through the calculation of the per capita profit and loss under the perspective of food security and ecological security, the weights of the two are determined, and the comprehensive zoning results of the economic compensation for cultivated land protection in the whole country from 2001 to 2015 are obtained. Based on this, the dynamic change characteristics of the three major cultivated land areas are analyzed, and the layout characteristics of the three major cultivated land areas are analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) drawing lessons from the grain supply and demand balance model and the ecological footprint improvement model, the economic compensation zoning model for cultivated land protection is constructed. According to the model and related data, the 31 provinces (cities) in China from 2001 to 2015 are calculated. According to the results of the Law on Food Security, the grain production function of cultivated land in most provinces from 2001 to 2015 could maintain a relatively stable trend; according to the results of the Ecological Security Law, the amount of ecological profit and loss of cultivated land per capita in each province varied from 2001 to 2015. Positive and negative fluctuation, and there are many provinces in deficit state for a long time.) according to the result of double angle of view, the number of provinces belonging to surplus area of cultivated land increases first and then decreases, while the number of provinces in arable land balance area and deficit area shows the trend of decreasing first and then increasing; Most of the provinces included in the three major areas of cultivated land in each year show changes in adjacent two-level subdivisions, with relatively few cross-level changes occurring. In 2015, the economic compensation for cultivated land protection in China was subdivided into surplus areas, including Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Yunnan, Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang are eight provinces, with balanced areas including Shanxi, Anhui, Guangxi, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Tibet and Shaanxi. Deficit areas include Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Hainan and Qinghai provinces and cities. From the perspective of food security, the provinces and cities belonging to surplus or balanced regions changed to balanced and deficit areas in the integrated subzones. The overall distribution and geographical location of the three major cultivated land regions were relatively stable from 2001 to 2015. The surplus areas of cultivated land are concentrated in the northeast and northwest inland areas, the balance regions of cultivated land are concentrated in the central areas from north to south, and the deficit areas of cultivated land are distributed in the east and southeast.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.211

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