雨强和坡度对红壤坡耕地地表径流及壤中流的影响

发布时间：2018-06-20 07:06

本文选题：土壤 + 侵蚀　；参考：《农业工程学报》2017年09期

【摘要】：地表径流和壤中流是坡面重要水文过程,雨强和坡度是影响坡面地表径流和壤中流产流主要因素。为研究降雨强度和地表坡度对坡耕地地表径流和壤中流的影响,该文采用人工模拟降雨试验法,在长3.0 m、宽1.5 m、深0.5 m土槽,设计4个不同坡度(5°、10°、15°、20°)和3个不同雨强(30、60、90 mm/h)对红壤坡耕地地表径流及壤中流产流过程进行模拟试验。结果表明:1)壤中流开始产流时间滞后于地表径流,降雨强度从30到90 mm/h,地表径流、壤中流产流开始时间均随雨强增大而减小,壤中流比地表产流开始滞后时间随着雨强增大先增大后趋于稳定;2)地表径流强度随雨强增大而增大,壤中流初始径流强度随雨强增大而增大,不同雨强下壤中流径流峰值相近;3)地表径流和壤中流产流过程曲线有明显差异,地表径流产流过程线先增大后趋于稳定,壤中流产流过程线呈抛物线型即先增大后减小;4)从5°到20°,地表产流开始时间随坡度增大而减小,壤中流产流开始时间随坡度增大先减小后增大;5)从5°到20°,地表径流强度先增大后减小,10°为转折坡度,壤中流产流峰值随坡度增大而减小,并且随着坡度增大达到壤中流峰值时间不断减小。
[Abstract]:Surface runoff and soil flow are important hydrological processes on the slope, and the rainfall intensity and slope gradient are the main factors affecting the surface runoff and the abortion flow in the soil. In order to study the effect of rainfall intensity and surface slope on surface runoff and soil flow in sloping farmland, the artificial simulated rainfall test method was used in this paper. The soil trough was 3.0 m long, 1.5 m wide and 0.5 m deep. Four different slopes (5 掳/ 10 掳/ 15 掳/ 20 掳) and three different rainfall intensities (30 ~ 6090 mm / h) were designed to simulate the process of surface runoff and abortion in red soil sloping land. The results showed that the onset time of runoff in soil was slower than that of surface runoff, and the rainfall intensity ranged from 30 to 90 mm / h. The beginning time of runoff and abortion decreased with the increase of rainfall intensity. The initial lag time of runoff in soil increases with the increase of rain intensity, and then tends to stabilize with the increase of rain intensity) the initial runoff intensity increases with the increase of rainfall intensity, and the initial runoff intensity increases with the increase of rainfall intensity. Under different rainfall intensity, the peak value of runoff in soil is close to that in soil. (3) the curves of surface runoff and abortion flow in soil are obviously different, and the runoff production line of surface runoff increases first and then tends to be stable. The line of abortion flow in soil is parabola, that is, increase first and then decrease 4) from 5 掳to 20 掳, and the beginning time of surface runoff decreases with the increase of slope. The beginning time of miscarriage flow in soil decreased first and then increased from 5 掳to 20 掳with the increase of slope. The slope of runoff intensity increased first and then decreased by 10 掳. The peak value of abortion flow in soil decreased with the increase of slope. And with the increase of slope, the time to reach the peak value of soil flow decreases.
【作者单位】：江西省水土保持科学研究院江西省土壤侵蚀与防治重点实验室;河海大学水利水电学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(41401312) 水利部公益性行业专项(201301050);水利部948项目(201519) 江西省优势科技创新团队建设项目(20152BCB24011) 江西省水利科技项目(KT201419)
【分类号】：S157.1

【相似文献】