沙蒿胶固沙性能及其对土壤微生物和生物结皮培育的影响

发布时间：2018-06-20 19:03

本文选题：荒漠化 + 沙蒿胶　；参考：《北京林业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：土地荒漠化是当今世界面临的最严重的生态环境问题之一,荒漠化带来的后果,直接威胁着人们赖以生存的环境,给国民经济、社会发展和生态环境造成了极大的危害。近年来,随着各种固沙材料和方法陆续被采用,土地荒漠化得到有效控制,但荒漠化防治形势依旧十分严峻,探索一种新的可行的防治荒漠化的生态固沙材料正日益受到广泛关注。本研究以多年生半灌木白沙蒿(Artemisia sphaerocephala)种子表皮提取的一种亲水性胶体沙蒿胶为研究对象,探究其固沙性能及其对土壤微生物和生物土壤结皮(biological soil crusts,简称“生物结皮”)培育的影响。结果显示：(1)喷洒沙蒿胶后,沙面能够快速形成固结层,其厚度和抗压强度显著增加,抗风蚀能力明显增强,浓度0.10%的沙蒿胶处理,其起沙风速均在20 m/s以上；沙粒在沙蒿胶的作用下相互胶结,微团聚体质量百分数显著降低,大团聚体质量百分数显著增加；团聚体平均重量直径显著增加,表明沙蒿胶提高了沙土的水稳定性。沙面形成的固结层具有良好的渗透性,利于水分入渗,沙蒿胶良好的吸水性和保水性,能够促进虫实(Corispermum puberulum)和白沙蒿2种固沙先锋植物种子的萌发及幼苗的生长。在野外沙地的现场实验中,试验期间内沙蒿胶固沙效果明显,喷洒了浓度为0.20%和0.50%沙蒿胶的沙面均无明显风蚀发生。(2)土壤细菌中相对丰度较高的有：变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)以及放线菌门(Actinobacteria)。沙蒿胶对变形菌门和厚壁菌门具有显著影响(P0.05),添加少量的沙蒿胶有利于厚壁菌门的生长繁殖,并逐渐取代变形菌门成为优势类群,其中芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)为优势属。沙蒿胶增加了土壤细菌的a-多样性,并且对土壤细菌群落结构具有显著影响(P0.05),其中,芽孢杆菌属和克雷白氏杆菌属(Klebsiella)是导致未添加沙蒿胶处理与其他处理群落结构产生差异的主要贡献菌,固氮菌属(Azotobacter)是导致高浓度沙蒿胶处理与其他处理群落结构产生差异的主要贡献菌。(3)沙蒿胶对生物结皮培育具有显著影响。随着沙蒿胶用量的增加,生物结皮厚度和抗压强度显著增加。沙蒿胶能够显著增加生物结皮叶绿素a含量,但高用量(15.0 g/m2)的沙蒿胶对生物结皮叶绿素a含量无显著性影响。沙蒿胶对结皮层团聚体水稳性具有显著影响,随着沙蒿胶用量的增加,结皮层微团聚体质量百分数显著降低,大团聚体质量百分数显著增加,团聚体平均重量直径显著增加,表明沙蒿胶提高了结皮层的水稳定性。研究结果表明,沙蒿胶具有良好的固沙效果,不但能够促进土壤微生物的生长繁殖,改善土壤微环境,而且还能提高生物结皮的抗蚀能力,加快生物结皮的形成发育。沙蒿胶固沙成本低,可以作为一种环境友好型固沙剂,与生物固沙相结合用于固沙。从用量上看,野外固沙的最适沙蒿胶喷洒浓度以0.20%为宜；生物结皮培育最适的添加量以6.0 g/m2为宜。研究结果可为沙蒿胶在荒漠化防治方面的应用提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:Land desertification is one of the most serious environmental problems facing the world today, the consequences of desertification, a direct threat to people's living environment, to the national economy, social development and ecological environment caused great harm. In recent years, along with a variety of sand fixing materials and methods have been adopted, land desertification effective The prevention and control of desertification control, but the situation is still very grim, exploring a new way of prevention and control of desertification ecological sand fixing material has received widespread attention. In this study, perennial subshrub Artemisia (Artemisia sphaerocephala) a hydrophilic colloid extracted from artemisia glue seed skin as the research object, to explore the performance and fixing The soil microbes and biological soil crusts (biological soil crusts, referred to as "biological crust") cultivation effect. The results showed that: (1) spraying sand artemisia glue, can quickly form a layer of consolidation, the thickness and compressive strength increased significantly, significantly increase the ability of anti wind erosion, the concentration of 0.10% artemisia glue and the sand wind speed was 20 m/ S above; sand cementation in Artemisia gum under the effect of micro aggregate mass percentage decreased significantly, aggregate quality percentage increased significantly; aggregate mean weight diameter increased significantly, that improve the water stability of artemisia glue sand. Sand formed the consolidation layer has good permeability, conducive to water infiltration, artemisia glue Water absorption and good water retention, can promote Corispermum hyssopifolium (Corispermum puberulum) germination and seedling and Artemisia 2 sand pioneer plant seed growth. In the field of experimental field sand in test period artemisia glue fixing effect is obvious, the spraying concentration of 0.20% and 0.50% had no obvious sand artemisia glue (2) the soil wind erosion. Soil bacteria have higher relative abundance (Proteobacteria): Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes (Firmicutes) (Bacteroidetes) and actinobacteria (Actinobacteria). Artemisia gum has a significant impact on the Proteobacteria and Firmicutes (P0.05), add a small amount of Artemisia gum conducive to Firmicutes growth and reproduction, and gradually replace the variable The door shaped bacteria became the dominant species, the genus Bacillus (Bacillus) was the dominant genus. Artemisia gum increased soil bacterial diversity of a-, and has a significant impact on the soil bacterial community structure (P0.05), wherein, bacillus and Klebsiella sp. (Klebsiella) is the result of not adding artemisia glue treatment to deal with other community structure property The main contribution of different bacteria, Azotobacter (Azotobacter) is the main contribution of bacteria lead to differences in the treatment of high concentration of artemisia glue and other processing community structure. (3) of biocrusts cultivated artemisia glue has significant effect. With the increase of the dosage of artemisia glue, microphytic leather thickness and compressive strength of Artemisia increased significantly. The glue can significantly increase With the biocrusts chlorophyll a, but high dosage (15 g/m2) of Artemisia gum had no significant effects on the biological crust. The content of chlorophyll a has significant effect on artemisia glue crusts of water stable aggregates, with the increase of the dosage of artemisia glue, crusts micro aggregate mass percentage significantly decreased, the mass percentage of large aggregates group increased significantly The dimer showed that the mean weight diameter increased significantly, improve water stability by Artemisia gum cortex. The results show that the artemisia glue has a good fixing effect, not only can promote soil microbial growth and reproduction, improving soil micro environment, but also improve the biocrusts corrosion resistance, accelerate the formation and development of biological crusts of Artemisia. Glue sand with low cost, can be used as a kind of environmentally friendly sand fixing agent, and combined use of biological sand sand. From the amount of view, the most suitable field sand artemisia glue spraying concentration to 0.20% is appropriate; biocrusts cultivate the best additive amount should be 6 g/m2. The results can provide the rationale for the application sand artemisia glue in the prevention and control of Desertification Area On the basis of.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S288;S154

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