太平小流域清洁综合治理效益评价研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 19:47

本文选题：生态清洁小流域 + 水土流失　；参考：《大连理工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：水土流失是世界性的课题。水土流失在我国也是所面临的严重问题。针对这一问题我国很多学者通过研究提出多种措施来应对,其中小流域治理模式是近些年提出治理水土流失的一种举措,积累了一些成功的经验,水土的流失得到了一定控制,治理成效明显,己在全国推广。由于人们对美好生活的追求,对环境的要求也有了更高的标准。清洁的空气和水、宜居的环境、舒适的生活,是实现中国梦的重要体现。因此清洁一词出现在小流域治理中,成为其成效判定的标准。本文在太平小流域研究的背景下,对50户农户采用问卷调查的方式进行了治理措施及效益的跟踪调查,根据已有资料的分析摘出太平小流域水土流失的因子,归纳了项目流域自2009年至今七年的综合治理情况。在研究中,根据该流域的特点和措施实施情况构建了适合流域治理成效评价的指标体系。利用数学运算、层次分析法,分析所选取指标对项目流域的效益影响。建立模型计算太平小流域系统的效益得分,最后分析比较各种措施对太平小流域清洁治理的效益影响评价。分析结果如下：(1)太平小流域治理应采取造林种草、封山育林育草的措施,达到保护好生态水源、控制水土流失、拦截并固定风沙的主要目的,与此同时,太平小流域清洁治理还纳入了一些带动当地经济发展的措施,例如果林的种植、苗木的种植、畜牧的养殖等。(2)根据太平小流域这些年来的治理情况、自身特点和治理措施选定12个指标作为太平小流域清洁综合治理效益评价的指标体系。从各指标的贡献率来看,治理度(0.5951)林草覆盖率(0.237)土壤侵蚀模数(0.1153)生活污水处理率(0.0526)；土地生产率(0.5142)人均收入(0.2648)劳动生产率(0.1465)粮食单产(0.0746)；劳动力利用率(0.523)教育水平(0.2546)人均耕作面积(0.1567)农产品商品率(0.0657)。由上述三种得分比较看出,治理度、土地生产率和劳动力利用率是排在首位的,在项目流域治理中是相对较为重要的指标。(3)太平小流域在未治理前综合效益得分为0.4,治理后2015年的综合效益得分为1.49,幅度增涨很快,己到达276.86%,就建设标准来看,项目流域己达到三等水平。流域现状处于良性循环中级标准。三大效益中经济效益得分尤为突出,根据计算得分来看己达到四等水平。从数据看社会效益不管从效益得分、效益增幅还是贡献率来看都是最小的。效益得分比较：经济效益(1.69)生态效益(1.44)社会效益(1.32)；效益增幅比较：生态效益(310.76%)经济效益(269.11%)社会效益(175.35%)；效益功效率比较：生态效益(0.6048)经济效益(0.2674)社会效益(0.1278)。说明社会效益与其它两个效益发展不协调,需要在日后的治理中加大其相应的治理措施的强度。(4)通过各指标的计算比较来看,太平小流域综合治理后效果是明显的,但是效益的发展步调不一致。制约因素多由当地经济差异及农户教育水平限制导致。
[Abstract]:Soil erosion is a worldwide problem. Soil erosion is also a serious problem in China. In response to this problem, many scholars in our country put forward a variety of measures to deal with this problem. Among them, the small watershed management model is a measure to control soil and water loss in recent years, which has accumulated some successful experience, and the erosion of water and soil has been controlled to a certain extent. The control effect is obvious, already popularized in the whole country. Due to people's pursuit of a better life, there are higher standards for the environment. Clean air and water, livable environment, comfortable life, is an important embodiment of the realization of Chinese Dream. Therefore, the word "clean" appears in the small watershed management and becomes the criterion of its effectiveness. Based on the background of Taiping small watershed research, 50 households were investigated by means of questionnaire, and the factors of soil and water loss in Taiping small watershed were analyzed according to the available data. Summarized the project basin from 2009 to now seven years of comprehensive management situation. In the study, according to the characteristics of the watershed and the implementation of the measures, the index system suitable for the evaluation of watershed governance effectiveness was constructed. The influence of selected indexes on the benefit of the project watershed is analyzed by mathematical operation and analytic hierarchy process. The model was established to calculate the benefit score of Taiping small watershed system. Finally, the effects of various measures on clean management of Taiping small watershed were analyzed and compared. The results are as follows: (1) in the small watershed of Taiping, afforestation and grass planting should be adopted to protect the ecological water source, control soil and water loss, intercept and fix the windy sand, at the same time, The clean management of the Taiping small Watershed has also incorporated some measures to promote local economic development, such as planting fruit forests, planting seedlings, raising livestock, etc.) according to the management situation of the Taiping small Watershed in recent years, Twelve indexes were selected as the index system for evaluating the benefit of clean and comprehensive management in Taiping small watershed. According to the contribution rate of each index, the control degree is 0.5951) the forest and grass coverage is 0.237) the soil erosion modulus is 0.1153) the treatment rate of domestic sewage is 0.0526, the land productivity is 0.5142) the per capita income is 0.2648) the labor productivity is 0.1465) the grain yield is 0.0746. The utilization rate of labor force is 0.523) the educational level is 0.2546) the per capita cultivated area is 0.1567) the commodity rate of agricultural products is 0.0657%. From the comparison of the above three scores, we can see that governance, land productivity and labor utilization rate are the first. The comprehensive benefit score of Taiping small watershed is 0.4 before it is not controlled, and the comprehensive benefit score of 2015 after harnessing is 1.49. The range of comprehensive benefit has increased rapidly and has reached 276.86. According to the construction standard, the comprehensive benefit score of Taiping small watershed is 0.4, and the comprehensive benefit score in 2015 is 1.49. The project basin has reached the third class level. The present situation of river basin is in the intermediate standard of virtuous circle. Among the three benefits, the economic benefit score is particularly prominent, according to the calculated score has reached the fourth level. From the data, the social benefit is the smallest in terms of benefit score, benefit increase and contribution rate. The comparison of benefit score: economic benefit 1.69) ecological benefit 1.44) social benefit 1.32; benefit increase comparison: ecological benefit 310.76) economic benefit 269.11) social benefit 175.35; efficiency rate: 0.6048) economic benefit 0.2674) social benefit 0.1278. It shows that the development of social benefits is not in harmony with the other two benefits, and it is necessary to increase the intensity of corresponding control measures in the future. (4) through the calculation and comparison of various indexes, the effect of comprehensive treatment of Taiping small watershed is obvious. But the pace of development of benefits is inconsistent. The restriction factor is mostly caused by the local economic difference and the peasant household education level restriction.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S157

【参考文献】