秸秆还田影响汞污染地区“稻田汞”环境行为的研究进展

发布时间：2018-06-24 05:56

本文选题：秸秆还田 + 土壤　；参考：《科学通报》2017年24期

【摘要】：秸秆还田是一项正大力推广的农业措施,既可避免秸秆焚烧导致的空气污染,又可通过提升土壤肥力、改善土壤性质而促进作物生长.与此同时,秸秆还田对农田重金属生态风险的影响值得关注.已有不少研究报道了秸秆还田导致铜、镉、锌等重金属生物有效性下降,然而秸秆还田对土壤中汞环境行为与风险的影响却鲜有报道.本文综述了近年来秸秆还田影响汞污染地区"稻田汞"行为与风险的研究进展.近期研究揭示秸秆还田可显著提升"稻田汞"的生态风险:秸秆还田可影响"稻田汞"的地球化学相态分布、汞的微生物甲基化、汞的生物有效性,以及汞的植物累积,并讨论了这些影响可能的内在机制(如微生物活性上升、秸秆产生溶解性有机质导致汞活性上升等).本文所阐述的信息,有助于从机理层面理解陆生系统中汞的行为与风险,并有助于汞污染地区有关秸秆处理方式的决策.
[Abstract]:Straw returning to the field is an agricultural measure that is being popularized. It can not only avoid air pollution caused by straw burning, but also promote crop growth by improving soil fertility and soil properties. At the same time, the effect of straw returning on the ecological risk of heavy metals in farmland deserves attention. Many studies have reported that returning straw to field results in the decrease of bioavailability of heavy metals such as copper, cadmium and zinc. However, the effect of straw returning on environmental behavior and risk of mercury in soil is rarely reported. In this paper, the research progress on the behavior and risk of mercury in paddy fields affected by straw returning to the field was reviewed. Recent studies have revealed that returning straw to the field can significantly increase the ecological risk of "rice field mercury": it can affect the geochemical phase distribution of "rice field mercury", the microbial methylation of mercury, the bioavailability of mercury, and the accumulation of mercury in plants. The possible mechanisms of these effects are discussed, such as the increase of microbial activity and the increase of mercury activity caused by dissolved organic matter produced by straw. The information described in this paper is helpful to understand the behavior and risk of mercury in terrestrial systems from the mechanism level and to make decisions on the treatment of straw in mercury contaminated areas.
【作者单位】：南京大学环境学院污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室;南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院;中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市和区域生态国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(41673075,21477051)资助
【分类号】：X53;X712

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