苜蓿夜蛾跨海迁飞行为研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 04:14

本文选题：苜蓿夜蛾 + 昆虫雷达　；参考：《中国农业科学院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：苜蓿夜蛾(鳞翅目夜蛾科)是棉花、大豆、玉米、苜蓿等多种经济作物上的重要害虫,目前对其远距离迁飞规律和空中飞行行为知之甚少。迁飞是昆虫躲避不良生境/开拓时空新资源的特殊行为对策,也是导致虫害突然暴发和植物病害大流行的重要原因。东亚季风为昆虫跨区域迁飞提供了稳定的风温背景场,而渤海海峡是我国北方最重要的昆虫迁飞通道,明确苜蓿夜蛾跨海迁飞的种群波动规律及其行为学参数,对揭示该虫的内在灾变机理、提高监测预警水平和实现“源头”治理等具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文综合运用昆虫雷达、高空测报灯、卵巢解剖、等技术和方法,于2003-2014年在渤海海峡中心区域海岛对苜蓿夜蛾的跨海迁飞进行系统监测,主要研究结果如下:1、苜蓿夜蛾的跨海迁飞行为不是偶发性事件,而是常发性的生态学现象。其种群数量存在显著的季节性差异,夏季最高、秋季次之、春季的诱集量最少。苜蓿夜蛾跨海迁飞的最早首现日为5月初,最晚结束日为10月初,平均迁飞期为116.5±5.6d。2、苜蓿夜蛾跨海迁飞种群波动具有显著的季节性变化规律,其最优时间格局可划分为5个时期,即北迁初期、北迁盛期、过渡期、回迁盛期和回迁末期。其中回迁期的种群数量与北迁期相比,平均增长了10倍左右,表明东北农业区对昆虫回迁的“瓶颈”效应和沉集现象不明显,即春夏季昆虫随东亚季风向高纬度地区跨海迁飞,能够给其后代种群带来显著的生态/生殖收益,具有显著的生物进化意义。3、2009-2014年苜蓿夜蛾北迁种群的平均交配率和卵巢发育级别均显著高于回迁种群,即北迁种群可能来自离监测点较远的农业区,经过数晚连续迁飞后被本站诱集到,这部分种群的迁飞行为并不符合“卵子发生-飞行拮抗综合症”。但8-9月份的回迁种群,其交配率和卵巢发育均维持在较低水平,支持了昆虫迁飞发生于雌虫稚嫩期的观点;该时期诱集到的这部分雌虫,可能从监测站北部较近的地方起飞,也可能与其自身的生理发育特点有关。4、苜蓿夜蛾跨海迁飞种群的飞行高度主要集中在距地面100-250m的高度,温度是影响其垂直分布的重要因素,其最大体积密度均出现在逆温层顶附近,且呈单层分布。苜蓿夜蛾跨海迁飞种群的头部指向均为顺风方向而非离散分布,表明该虫具有显著的共同定向行为。苜蓿夜蛾跨海种群并非完全顺风飞行,其头部指向与风向存在一定夹角,即当风向不利于种群定向飞行时(偏离其季节性偏好方向),该虫可通过调整头部指向对位移方向做出校正。
[Abstract]:Alfalfa (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) is an important pest in cotton, soybean, corn, alfalfa and other economic crops. Migration is a special behavior countermeasure for insects to avoid bad habitats and exploit new resources in time and space, and it is also an important reason for sudden outbreak of insect pests and the pandemic of plant diseases. The East Asian monsoon provides a stable wind temperature background field for insect transregional migration, and the Bohai Strait is the most important channel for insect migration in the north of China. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to reveal the inherent catastrophic mechanism of the insect, to improve the level of monitoring and early warning and to realize the "source" control. In this paper, using insect radar, high-altitude report lamp, ovary anatomy and other techniques and methods, the transoceanic migration of alfalfa noctura was systematically monitored in the central area of the Bohai Strait from 2003 to 2014. The main results are as follows: (1) the transoceanic migration behavior of alfalfa Spodoptera sativa is not an accidental event, but a frequent ecological phenomenon. There were significant seasonal differences in population number, the highest in summer, the second in autumn, and the least in spring. The first day of transoceanic migration was early May, the last end day was early October, and the average migration period was 116.5 卤5.6d.2. the fluctuation of Sea-crossing migration population had significant seasonal variation, and the optimal time pattern could be divided into five periods. That is, the early period of northward migration, the peak period of northward migration, the transition period, the peak period of return and the end of return. The population number in the return period increased by about 10 times compared with that in the north migration period, indicating that the "bottleneck" effect and sedimentation phenomenon of the return migration of insects in the northeast agricultural region are not obvious, that is, the insects migrate across the sea with the East Asian monsoon to the high latitudes in spring and summer. It can bring significant ecological / reproductive benefits to its progeny population, and has significant evolutionary significance. The average mating rate and ovarian development level of northward migration population of alfalfa Spodoptera exigua in 2009-2014 were significantly higher than those of returning population. That is to say, the northward migration population may come from an agricultural area far away from the monitoring point, and after several nights of continuous migration, the migration behavior of these populations is not in accordance with the "oogenesis flight antagonistic syndrome". However, the mating rate and ovarian development of the migration population in August and September remained at a relatively low level, which supported the idea that insect migration occurred during the immature period of female insects, which may have taken off from the northern part of the monitoring station. It may also be related to its own physiological characteristics. 4. The flying height of alfalfa Spodoptera exigua migrating population across the sea is mainly concentrated in the height of 100-250 m above the ground, and temperature is an important factor affecting its vertical distribution. The maximum volume density appears near the top of the inversion layer and is distributed in a single layer. The head orientation of alfalfa Spodoptera exigua migrating population across the sea was in the direction of downwind rather than discrete distribution, which indicated that the insect had a common directional behavior. The sea crossing population of Noctuidae alfalfa does not fly completely downwind, and its head direction has a certain angle with the wind direction. That is, when the wind direction is not conducive to the directional flight of the population (deviating from its seasonal preferred direction), the insect can correct the displacement direction by adjusting the head direction.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S433

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