不同生育期持续干旱对玉米的影响及其与减产率的定量关系

发布时间：2018-06-26 06:38

本文选题：持续干旱 + 干旱程度　；参考：《应用生态学报》2017年05期

【摘要】：为了探究不同生长阶段土壤水分含量持续下降过程对玉米生长发育和产量形成的影响,通过设置遮雨棚人工控水试验,分析不同生长阶段持续干旱条件下玉米株高、叶面积指数(LAI)、光合性能、地上生物量和产量等生理生态指标的动态变化.试验因素为控水时段和控水持续时间,从拔节普遍期开始分别控水20(T_1)和27d(T_2),从抽雄普遍期开始控水20(T_3)和27d(T_4),加上不控水对照(CK),共5个处理.结果表明:持续干旱导致植株叶片卷曲、打绺,下部叶片衰老加快,对LAI影响较大,从而降低生物量的累积与籽粒产量.T_1~T_4处理结束时LAI分别为CK的74.9%、68.2%、60.5%和48.3%.玉米植株在经历持续控水后,叶片最大净光合速率(P_(n max))逐渐下降,T_1(T_3)和T_2(T_4)处理结束时P_(n max)分别降至CK的23%及不足10%,复水2周后,P_(n max)能恢复到CK的90%左右.T_1和T_2处理产量较CK分别下降18.5%和24.0%,T_3和T_4处理分别减产41.6%和45.8%.抽雄期持续干旱对玉米地上生物量及产量构成的影响大于拔节期干旱.干旱程度(D)能够定量表示土壤干旱状况,与玉米减产率存在线性定量关系,可通过计算D来预测玉米的减产情况.
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the effect of the continuous decline of soil moisture content in different growth stages on maize growth and yield formation, the plant height of maize was analyzed under the condition of continuous drought in different growth stages by artificial water control experiment in a rain shelter. Dynamic changes of leaf area index (Lai), photosynthetic performance, aboveground biomass and yield. The experimental factors were water control period and water control duration. From the universal jointing stage, water control 20 (T _ (1) and 27 d (T _ (2), 20 (T _ (3) and 27 d (T _ 4) from the general stage of blooming, and (2) from the uncontrolled water control (CK) were treated. The results showed that continuous drought resulted in leaf curl, grain breaking and leaf senescence in lower part, which had a great influence on Lai, thus reducing biomass accumulation and grain yield. T1T4 treatment ended with Lai being 74.9% 68.2% and 48.3% of CK at the end of treatment, respectively. Maize plants experienced continuous water control, The maximum net photosynthetic rate (P _ (n max) of the leaves decreased gradually. At the end of the treatment, P _ (n max) decreased to 23% and less than 10% of CK, respectively. After two weeks of rehydration, the yield of P _ (n max) returned to about 90% of CK. T1 and T _ 2 decreased the yield of the treatment by 18.5% and 24.00% respectively. The yield decreased by 41.6% and 45.8% respectively. The effect of continuous drought at heading stage on aboveground biomass and yield composition of maize was greater than that at jointing stage. The degree of drought (D) can quantitatively represent the soil drought and has a linear quantitative relationship with the yield of maize yield, and can be calculated to predict the yield of maize.
【作者单位】：中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所;中国气象局气象干部培训学院辽宁分院;
【基金】：辽宁省农业领域青年科技创新人才培养计划项目(2014060,2015060) 辽宁省农业攻关及成果产业化项目(2014210003)资助~~
【分类号】：S423;S513

【相似文献】