东北黑土区农田防护林与沟谷侵蚀关系

发布时间：2018-06-27 06:32

本文选题：东北黑土区 + 防护林　；参考：《中国水土保持科学》2017年06期

【摘要】：东北黑土区是中国重要的商品粮基地,但是严重的水土流失给其粮食产量带来了严峻考验。选择东北黑土区黑龙江省的克山县作为研究区,以2007年2.5 m分辨率的模拟真彩色合成的SPOT5影像为基础数据源,获取该区的侵蚀沟分布数据;以2008年分辨率为30 m的标准假彩色合成的TM影像为基础数据源,获取该区的农田防护林分布数据,进而从坡度、距离以及两者密度等方面,分析典型黑土区防护林和沟蚀之间的耦合关系。结果表明:研究区防护林密度在空间分布上沿东北—西南方向逐渐增大,而侵蚀沟密度分布则呈现相反趋势;随着坡度的增加,防护林密度逐渐增大,而侵蚀沟密度与坡度的关系则呈现相反趋势;在距防护林120 m的防护距离内,防护林对沟蚀的防护效应基本一样,120~240 m的防护距离内,随着距离增加,防护林对沟蚀的防护效应线性减弱,而240m以外的距离,防护林对沟蚀的防护效应明显减弱;随着防护林密度的增大,侵蚀沟密度是减少的,从经济和资源角度出发,防护林密度在1 100~1 300 m/km~2时,对沟蚀防护效果达到最优,可以做为防护林参考种植密度。该研究为有针对性的进行沟蚀防治提供科学指导。
[Abstract]:The Northeast Black soil region is an important commodity grain base in China, but the serious soil erosion brings a severe test to its grain production. The Keshan County of Heilongjiang Province in the Black soil region of Northeast China was selected as the research area. Based on the simulated true color synthetic SPOT5 image with 2.5 m resolution in 2007, the distribution data of erosion gullies in the area were obtained. Based on the standard pseudocolor TM image with a resolution of 30 m in 2008, the distribution data of farmland shelterbelt in this area were obtained, and then the slope, distance and density of both were obtained. The coupling relationship between shelterbelt and gully erosion in typical black soil area is analyzed. The results showed that the density of shelterbelt in the study area increased gradually along the northeast to southwest direction, while the density distribution of erosion ditch showed the opposite trend, and the density of shelterbelt increased gradually with the increase of slope. However, the relationship between the density of erosion ditch and the slope showed a reverse trend. In the distance from 120 m to the shelter forest, the protective effect of the shelter forest on the gully erosion was basically the same as the distance of 120 ~ 240 m, with the increase of the distance. The protective effect of shelterbelt on trench erosion was linearly weakened, but at a distance beyond 240 m, the protective effect of shelter forest on trench erosion was obviously weakened, and with the increase of shelter forest density, erosion gully density was decreased, which was based on the economic and resource point of view. When the density of protective forest is 1 100 ~ 1 300 m / kg ~ 2, the effect of protection against ditch erosion is optimal, which can be used as the reference planting density of shelter forest. This study provides scientific guidance for trench erosion prevention.
【作者单位】：河南财经政法大学资源与环境学院;华北水利水电大学资源与环境学院;华北水利水电大学建筑学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金“东北黑土区切沟沟壁侵蚀特征及发生风险评价研究”(41601458),“基于时间序列的农田防护林年龄结构遥感识别研究”(31400612) “河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划”
【分类号】：S157.1

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