枸溶性钾无机复混肥对盆栽油菜及复垦土壤养分的影响

发布时间：2018-06-28 04:05

本文选题：构溶性钾 + 无机复混肥　；参考：《山西农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文研究了采用枸溶性钾作为研制钾肥的原料,并通过油菜盆栽试验进行了复垦土壤肥料应用效果的研究。结论如下：(1)本文采用枸溶性钾为原料,研制出一种枸溶性钾无机复混肥(简称,枸溶钾混肥钾),总养分含量≥26%,符合GB 15063-2009的要求。(2)施入枸溶钾混肥钾和氯化钾,复垦土壤中水溶性钾和速效钾含量明显高于枸溶钾处理。在最大施肥量时速效钾的含量分别比枸溶钾提高了12.01mg·kg-1和10.67mg·kg-1。(3)枸溶性钾无机复混肥和枸溶性钾直接施入,能够显著提高复垦土壤中有效钾、缓效钾和全钾的含量；最大施肥量时,二者有效钾比氯化钾高出45.79mg·kg-1和66.44mg·kg-1,提高了26.49%和38.44%；二者缓效钾比氯化钾高出88.24mg·kg-1和164.46mg·kg-1,提高了10.78%和20.09%；二者全钾量比氯化钾分别高出0.31 g·kg-1和0.68g·kg-1,提高了1.68%和3.70%。(4)土壤碱性磷酸酶受不同钾肥的施入影响较大。在枸溶钾的最大施肥量下活性最大,达到了0.52 mg·g-1·24h-1,其次为枸溶钾混肥钾,酶活为0.50mg·g-1·24h-1,最后为氯化钾；在最大施肥量下,枸溶钾混肥钾中土壤脲酶活性达到最大为0.34 mg·g-1 ·24h-1,其次为氯化钾为0.30 mg · g-1·24h-1,最后为构溶钾：在最大施肥量下,枸溶钾中土壤蔗糖酶活性达到最大为10.03 mg·g-1·24h-1,其次为枸溶钾混肥钾,酶活为9.60mg·g-1·24h-1,最后为氯化钾。(5)通过测定两季盆栽油菜生物积累量,在第一季油菜时枸溶钾混肥钾和氯化钾的生物积累量达到最大,分别为19.02g·株-1和19.06g·株-1；在第二季油菜时枸溶钾混肥钾和氯化钾的生物积累量达到最大,分别为15.70g·株-1和15.53g·株-1,两季油菜生物积累量均高于枸溶钾。(6)伴随钾肥的施入油菜中叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质、还原糖含量也明显增加。最大施肥量下,枸溶钾混肥钾和氯化钾的处理下的油菜品质指标均优于枸溶钾。(7)通过测定两季盆栽油菜全钾量,在第一季油菜时构溶钾混肥钾和氯化钾的全钾含量达到最大,分别为4.03%和4.09%；在第二季油菜时构溶钾混肥钾和氯化钾的全钾含量达到最大,分别为3.54%和3.58%,两季油菜全钾含量均高于枸溶钾。
[Abstract]:In this paper, citric soluble potassium was used as raw material to produce potassium fertilizer, and the effect of reclaimed soil fertilizer was studied by pot experiment of rapeseed. The conclusions are as follows: (1) using citric soluble potassium as raw material, a kind of citric soluble potassium inorganic compound fertilizer (abbreviated as citric soluble potassium mixed fertilizer potassium) has been developed. The total nutrient content is more than 26, which conforms to the requirement of GB 15063-2009. (2) the application of citric potassium mixed fertilizer and potassium chloride, The contents of water-soluble potassium and available potassium in reclaimed soil were significantly higher than those in citric potassium treatment. The content of available potassium increased 12.01mg kg-1 and 10.67mg kg-1. (3) directly applied citric soluble potassium inorganic compound fertilizer and citric soluble potassium fertilizer could significantly increase the contents of available potassium, slow available potassium and total potassium in the reclaimed soil, and when the maximum amount of fertilizer was applied, the content of available potassium, slow available potassium and total potassium in the reclaimed soil could be significantly increased by direct application of citric soluble potassium inorganic compound fertilizer and citric soluble potassium. Their available potassium was higher than that of 45.79mg kg-1 and 66.44mg kg-1, and increased 26.49% and 38.44% than that of 45.79mg kg-1 and 66.44mg kg-1.The slow effective potassium of both two was higher than that of 88.24mg kg-1 and 164.46mg kg-1, and increased 10.78% and 20.09% than that of potassium chloride. The total potassium content of the two groups was 0.31 g / kg-1 and 0.68 g / kg ~ (-1) higher than that of potassium chloride, respectively, and increased by 1.68% and 3.70% respectively. (4) soil alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was greatly affected by different potassium fertilizer application. The maximum activity of citric potassium was 0.52 mg g ~ (-1) 24h-1, followed by 0.50mg g ~ (-1) 24h-1, the enzyme activity was 0.50mg g ~ (-1) 24h-1, and the maximum amount of fertilizer was 0.52 mg 路g ~ (-1) ~ (24) h ~ (-1), and the enzyme activity was 0.50mg g ~ (-1) 24h-1. The maximum soil urease activity was 0.34 mg g ~ (-1) 24h-1, followed by potassium chloride 0.30 mg g ~ (-1) 24 h ~ (-1). Finally, the soil sucrase activity in citric potassium was 10.03 mg g ~ (-1) 24h-1, followed by citric potassium mixed fertilizer. The enzyme activity was 9.60mg g-1 24h-1, and finally potassium chloride. (5) the bioaccumulation of potassium and potassium chloride mixed with citric potassium and potassium chloride reached the maximum in the first season of rape, 19.02g / L and 19.06g / L, respectively. In the second season of rapeseed, the bioaccumulation of potassium and potassium chloride were the highest, 15.70 g / plant -1 and 15.53 g / L, respectively. The bioaccumulation of rape in two seasons was higher than that of citric potassium. (6) chlorophyll and soluble protein were added into rape with potassium fertilizer. The content of reducing sugar also increased obviously. Under the maximum fertilization rate, the quality indexes of rapeseed treated with citric potassium mixed fertilizer and potassium chloride were better than that of citric potassium. (7) the total potassium content of mixed potassium and potassium chloride reached the maximum in the first season of rape by measuring the total potassium content of rape in pot culture. The total potassium content of mixed potassium fertilizer and potassium chloride reached the maximum of 3.54% and 3.58% respectively in the second season of rape, and the total potassium content of rape in both seasons was higher than that of citric potassium.
【学位授予单位】：山西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S565.4;S158

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