闽北锥栗林经营过程中的水土流失防治效果研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 14:53

本文选题：锥栗林 + 防草黑色薄膜覆盖　；参考：《水土保持学报》2016年06期

【摘要】：采用侵蚀针与径流小区定位观测相结合的方法,比较黑色薄膜覆盖与绿肥覆盖、割草覆盖、生物篱、施用除草剂等传统经济林水土流失治理措施的水土保持效果,探讨在锥栗林中黑色薄膜覆盖防治水土流失的可行性。结果表明:不同处理的水土及养分流失量总体上均显著小于对照。其中,绿肥覆盖与施用百草枯2种处理的液体径流量在试验期间均低于其他3种处理措施。由于覆膜减少了降雨的入渗量,与其他处理相比,黑色薄膜覆盖的液体径流量较大,其固体流失量则在不同月份均最低,施用百草枯处理的固体流失量也显著小于其他传统处理。通过对不同处理的坡面侵蚀空间分异特征进一步分析得出,与对照相比,绿肥覆盖、生物篱、施用百草枯3种处理的坡面净侵蚀现象随着处理时间的延长而逐渐减少,而黑色薄膜覆盖与割草覆盖处理的坡面净沉积作用明显。因黑色薄膜覆盖可实现"肥与水隔离",大量的液体流失并未造成过多的养分损失,仅5—6月的液体全P、全K和铵态N大于对照,7—10月,液体养分流失量也显著小于对照,且黑色薄膜覆盖在试验期间固体养分流失量总体上均显著小于其他处理。此外,黑色薄膜覆盖大大缩短了果实捡拾时间,降低了人工成本。黑色薄膜覆盖措施在减轻坡面土壤侵蚀、减少土壤养分流失方面效果显著,相对其他措施在锥栗林的水土保持方面具有优势,但较强的膜上径流具有加剧侵蚀的倾向,限制其实际应用。可结合设置覆膜比例,采用有孔薄膜、坡面微工程等减少液体径流,以达到薄膜覆盖的最佳效果。
[Abstract]:The soil and water conservation effects of traditional economic forest soil erosion control measures, such as black film mulching and green manure mulching, mowing grass mulching, biological hedgerow, applying herbicides, were compared by using erosion needle and runoff plot location observation. To explore the feasibility of controlling soil erosion by black film mulching in Castanea henryi forest. The results showed that the soil and water loss and nutrient loss of different treatments were significantly lower than that of the control. The liquid runoff of green manure mulching and paraquat application was lower than that of the other three treatments during the experiment. Because film mulching reduces the amount of rainfall infiltration, compared with other treatments, the liquid runoff covered by black film is larger, and the amount of solid loss is the lowest in different months. The solid loss of paraquat treatment was also significantly lower than that of other traditional treatments. Through the further analysis of the spatial differentiation characteristics of slope erosion under different treatments, it was concluded that compared with the control, the net erosion phenomenon of green manure mulching, biological hedgerow and paraquat application on slope surface decreased gradually with the extension of treatment time. But the black film cover and the mower cover treatment the slope surface net deposition action is obvious. Because the black film cover can realize the "fertilizer and water isolation", a large amount of liquid loss does not cause too much nutrient loss, only 5-6 months liquid total P, total K and ammonium N are higher than the control 7-10 months, the liquid nutrient loss is also significantly smaller than that of the control. The amount of solid nutrient loss in black film mulch was significantly lower than that in other treatments during the experiment. In addition, black film mulch greatly reduces the picking time and labor cost. The effect of black film mulching on soil erosion and soil nutrient loss was significant. Compared with other measures, black film mulching had advantages in soil and water conservation of Castanea henryi forest, but strong runoff on film tended to aggravate erosion. Limit its practical application. In order to achieve the best effect of film covering, the liquid runoff can be reduced by using porous film and slope surface microengineering combined with film mulching ratio.
【作者单位】：福建农林大学林学院;海峡两岸红壤区水土保持协同创新中心;建瓯市水土保持办公室;
【基金】：福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目(科技类)(JA13094) 国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD15B02) 国家林业局林业公益性行业科研项目(201304303)
【分类号】：S157;S664.2

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