稻田水中除草剂丁草胺对鲫鱼毒性的研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 21:46

本文选题：稻田水 + 亚急性毒性　；参考：《吉林农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：丁草胺是用于防除稻田一年生禾本杂草的一类酰胺类传导性除草剂,是稻田里使用量最大的除草剂之一,约占稻田除草剂使用量的50%~60%。丁草胺对禾本科的杂草具有选择性,通过抑制杂草内的蛋白质的生成来达到除去杂草的目的。丁草胺通过喷施或者农药清洗水、药瓶、药袋乱丢乱弃直接进入喷施区域或其他地表水体,也可以通过雨水或者灌溉水的冲刷将植物或者土壤粘粒吸附的农药冲刷入附近地表水和地下水中。随着研究的深入,越来越多的研究结果表明,丁草胺的广泛使用已经对生态环境和人类健康构成威胁。稻田水作为丁草胺对水体污染的主要载体,研究稻田水中丁草胺对水生生态环境的影响,在生态毒理学研究中具有重要的意义。本试验中选取了鲫鱼作为研究对象,分别研究了丁草胺对鲫鱼的急性毒性以及对背部肌肉、鳃、肾脏、肝脏内四个不同的鲫鱼组织内的不同的四种酶超氧化物歧化物酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性的影响。研究结果表明:⑴稻田水中除草剂丁草胺对鲫鱼的24h-LC50、48h-LC50、96h-LC50分别为1262μg/L、990μg/L、820μg/L,安全浓度为82μg/L。此结果按照农药毒性的分级标准可以得出,丁草胺对鱼类是高毒性的农药。⑵高浓度的丁草胺对鲫鱼各组织器官内SOD具有显著的抑制作用(p0.05),较高浓度丁草胺对鲫鱼肾脏和肝脏内SOD具有抑制作用(p0.05),低浓度的丁草胺对各组织SOD的影响较小,对肝脏还存在着抑制作用(p0.05)。⑶高浓度丁草胺对鲫鱼背部肌肉和肝脏的CAT具有一定的抑制作用(p0.05),对鳃和肾脏内的CAT具有诱导作用(p0.05)。较高浓度丁草胺除对肌肉内的CAT具有抑制作用(p0.05)外,对鳃、肾脏和肝脏内的CAT具有诱导作用(p0.05)。⑷高浓度丁草胺对肌肉内、肝脏内的GSH-Px呈现诱导作用(p0.05)。较高浓度丁草胺对肌肉内GSH-Px呈现诱导作用(p0.05),对鳃、肾脏、肝脏内的GSH-Px呈现部分诱导(p0.05)。低浓度组丁草胺只有对肝脏内的GSH-Px出现抑制作用(p0.05),其他器官均为诱导作用(p0.05)。⑸高浓度的丁草胺会破坏鲫鱼机体对GPT酶活性,较高浓度和低浓度的丁草胺能够诱导GPT酶活性,呈显著性差异(p0.05)。⑹将受试鲫鱼的清水中恢复7天后,高浓度组对鲫鱼各组织酶的影响不能完全恢复,可能已经对机体造成不可逆的损伤;较高浓度组的鲫鱼各组织内的酶指标比高浓度组的酶指标恢复的程度好,低浓度基本恢复到正常水平,说明低浓度的丁草胺对鲫鱼机体不造成损伤,或者损伤具有可逆性。
[Abstract]:Butachlor, one of the most widely used herbicides in rice fields, is a kind of amide conductive herbicides used to control annual weeds in paddy fields, accounting for about 50% of the total amount of herbicides used in rice fields. Butachlor is selective to weeds of Gramineae and can be removed by inhibiting the production of proteins in weeds. Butachlor enters the sprayed area or other surface water directly by spraying or pesticide cleaning water, bottles, bags and discards, Pesticides adsorbed by plant or soil clay particles can also be washed into nearby surface water and groundwater through Rain Water or irrigation water scouring. With the deepening of the research, more and more research results show that the widespread use of butachlor has posed a threat to the ecological environment and human health. As the main carrier of water pollution caused by butachlor, it is of great significance to study the effect of butachlor on aquatic ecological environment. The acute toxicity of butachlor to crucian carp and back muscle, Gill and kidney were studied. The effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutamate-pyruvate aminotransferase (GPT) on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutamate-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were observed in The results showed that the 24 h-LC50 48h-LC5096 h-LC50 of 1 rice field water herbicide butachlor was 1262 渭 g / L 990 渭 g 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1), and the safe concentration was 82 渭 g / L ~ (-1). This result can be obtained according to the classification criteria of pesticide toxicity, Butachlor is a highly toxic pesticide in fish .2 High concentration of butachlor has a significant inhibitory effect on SOD in tissues and organs of crucian carp (p0.05), higher concentration of butachlor can inhibit SOD in kidney and liver of crucian carp (p0.05), and low concentration of butachlor can inhibit SOD in kidney and liver of crucian carp (p0.05). Butachlor had little effect on SOD. There was also inhibitory effect on liver (p0.05). 3. 3 high concentration butachlor could inhibit cat in dorsal muscle and liver of crucian carp (p0.05), and induce cat in Gill and kidney (p0.05). The higher concentration of butachlor not only inhibited cat in muscle (p0.05), but also induced cat in Gill, kidney and liver (p0.05). 4 the GSH-Px in muscle and liver was induced by high concentration of butachlor (p0.05). The higher concentration of butachlor induced GSH-Px in muscle (p0.05), and partially in Gill, kidney and liver (p0.05). In low concentration group, only GSH-Px in liver was inhibited (p0.05), but in other organs (p0.05), high concentration of butachlor (p0.05) destroyed the activity of GPT in crucian carp, higher concentration and lower concentration of butachlor could induce GPT activity. There was significant difference (p0.05) .6 after the fish was recovered in water for 7 days, the effect of high concentration group on the enzymes of crucian carp tissues could not be completely recovered, which may have caused irreversible damage to the body. The enzyme indexes in the tissues of the crucian carp in the higher concentration group recovered better than those in the high concentration group, and the low concentration basically returned to the normal level, indicating that the low concentration of butachlor did not cause damage to the body of crucian carp, or the damage was reversible.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X592

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